One of the laws of dialectics can be rephrased as follows: "Life is possible only in development." And any commercial enterprise is no exception. And with dynamic development, practically every company faces the issue of entering the international market and, accordingly, the issue of international freight transportation.
How to carry out such operations? What types of transportation are available nowadays? How to minimize risks and increase the profitability of international transport? Let's try to answer these questions.
This operation is the movement of goods by any means of transport on the territory of two or more states. The basis for international shipping is an international agreement. The legal basis of this agreement is the Convention on the Contract for the International Transport of Goods, signed in Geneva in 1956 .
Transportation is impossible without transport, so the types of transport are distinguished by the type of transport used:
- railway
- automobile
- air
- water
a) river
b) marine
strong> International rail transport
The convention also regulates this type of transportation, but it is already railway. If an international transport agreement is not concluded, this transportation, even through the territory of several countries, is not international, but is of a national legal nature. In this case, the delivery of goods from the legal side is most often divided into several stages and executed by several agreements: the transportation of goods to the border station - according to the law of the state of the place of loading, after crossing the border - according to the national law of the state of the consignee, etc. This process may seem complicated and confusing, but in some cases it is much more profitable. In any case, rail transport today occupies a leading position in terms of volume, safety and cost.
The railway network has been well developed since Soviet times in the CIS. Therefore, if you are interested in sending , Ukraine, Belarus or another state bordering the Russian Federation
strong> International road transport
International road transport have a rather high risk factor, since a motor vehicle is rightfully recognized as a source of increased danger. As a rule, road transport is not carried out directly, but through logistics companies and with compulsory insurance of both cargo and civil liability. The advantage of this type is the ability to deliver cargo to almost anywhere specified by the customer. In Europe, goods are usually delivered by road, so if you are interested , Germany, France, or another European country - this option is for you.
strong> International air transportation
Air freight is recognized as international if
place of departure and destination are:
- in the territory of two states;
- in the territory of the same state, if there is an intermediate stop in the territory of another state.
And it does not matter if there was an overload or a break in transportation.
Air cargo is usually quite expensive, but the undoubted advantage is the speed of delivery over long distances (with the exception of airships).
strong> International shipping
The legal regulation of the carriage of goods by sea includes the norms of maritime shipping and commercial law. The land man on the ship is all a wonder. So in the law of the sea has its own terminology.
Regular transport is called linear at sea, irregular - tramp. The contract for the carriage of goods by sea is named the bill of lading, and is a special receipt certifying that the carrier has accepted the goods for transportation by sea.
When sending goods by sea, it is necessary to remember the risks, in our time, they, of course, are constantly reduced. But it is impossible to completely eliminate the danger of a ship sinking in inclement weather, and one should not forget about the existence of zones of sea piracy.
In any case, no matter what type of cargo transportation you choose, today there are many logistics companies that professionally carry out this activity. It may be worth shifting the load of responsibility for your load onto their shoulders, and confidently wait for the result.
Pros:
- the opportunity to receive goods that are not available in the domestic market
- the opportunity to enter the international trading arena
- international competition and, as a result, price reductions
Minuses:
- increased risks
- increase in financial and time costs
- third party involvement (logistics companies)
- complication of the procedure