What is called a technological project (TP)? How is it developed? What structure does it have? Within the framework of the article, not only general information will be given, but together we will consider the preparation of technological projects using an example. Each step will be described in detail.
What is a technological project
The term is understood to mean one consolidated or a whole set of documents. Similarly, the result of the design process is commonly referred to. The latter, to one degree or another, is present in all serious strategies.
The design process is a reflection of the worldly principle: before you do something, you need to think about it. A technological project is necessary in order to capture the results of deliberation.
Why TP is needed
TP is needed for the performers to create the product that was ordered. So, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of the technological project of production during the coordination and discussion of key design decisions. Indeed, in order to ultimately sell their products, it is necessary that they meet certain parameters and requirements.
And why might a technological project be needed? A sample of this document can provide invaluable assistance to other specialists in solving various problems.
Building
The development of a technological project is a laborious undertaking. The main requirement for the result is to clearly and clearly reflect how it is necessary to implement the plan. Moreover, in the end, everyone should have an understanding of this:
- at the manager;
- analytics;
- development work;
- an engineer;
- handyman;
- the customer.
Based on this aspect, the structure of the technological project is described from top to bottom. Initially, you need to focus on the highest level of abstraction and finish on the details of the implementation of individual elements.
Experts of various orientations can take part in the work on various parts: lead developer, analyst, architect, administrator, and any other personnel whose knowledge may be important.
Now let's look at an example of a technology project. We will develop the process of manufacturing parts for the machine.
Manufacturability analysis
First, it is necessary to conduct a technological analysis. By this we mean the establishment of a set of indicators and properties that will make it possible to produce a part with minimal costs. In this case, the required accuracy indicated in the drawing will be maintained.
Manufacturability is pre-evaluated when compared with available analogues. Evaluation is set depending on the qualitative and quantitative indicators. The latter include:
- material consumption;
- labor input;
- unification of elements;
- requirements for the quality and accuracy of surfaces.
Quality indicators are not so universal and vary depending on the features of the part.
Stock selection
The next stage has a significant impact on the technological design. Indeed, from a correctly selected workpiece, the process, the economy and the complexity of processing can change to obtain the desired part.
A number of factors must be taken into account: production volumes, possible materials, designs, dimensions and accuracy of work. Depending on the required, in our case fit:
- Lost wax casting;
- stamping;
- injection molding;
- profile hire;
- shell casting ;
- periodic rental.
When you select the method by which the workpiece will be obtained, then its contour must be applied to the drawing of the part with solid thin lines.
The choice of technological base
The next question is solved simultaneously with the previous one. It is necessary to choose a basing scheme based on design and technological requirements. It largely determines the sequence in which the processing will take place, what is the design of the devices, productivity and the achievement of a given accuracy.
When a technological design is being developed, each operation should have its own source base and dimensions. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of unity in work. In other words, the technological and design bases must be combined. If you decide to deviate from this, then be prepared for such consequences:
- It is necessary to tighten tolerances on the initial sizes;
- The position of the workpiece during processing should be constant and not change.
We develop a routing process
This stage depends on the design features of the part and the required accuracy. The processing sequence should be as follows:
- Base surfaces are changing.
- Roughing is carried out, during which the most allowance is removed.
- Work is underway with surfaces that will not affect the rigidity of the workpiece.
- The processing of parts where high precision is not needed.
- Toward the end of the process, finishing operations are carried out.
- Bringing the part to the necessary parameters so that it can be used later.
Developing operating technology
The development of operational technology consists of several processes. It is advisable to coordinate them already with those who will work with the details in practice. The design of this stage depends on the structure of the operation, the selected equipment, various devices, certain time standards and processing modes.
The content must be indicated transitions, in the sequence of their execution. They should be built in such a way as to provide the highest rates of profitability and productivity during the operation.
Also, in the framework of the technological project, it is necessary to determine the allowable allowances. They can be assigned as general or intermediate.
Then you need to take time for equipment and technological equipment. So, for small-scale or single production, it is necessary to use universal devices. And in order to avoid wasting time, roughing and finishing are carried out in a single operation. True, this is only suitable in cases where there is no need to achieve significant accuracy.
Calculation of modes
At the stage of calculating the modes, in our situation, we pay attention to the one that is responsible for processing and the rate of time. The sequence of mechanical actions for the machine in this mode is determined in the following sequence:
- Depth of cut is set.
- The tool feed is selected.
- The cutting speed is calculated .
- The operating mode and power of the machine are checked (is it possible to implement this way).
- The main time required for the technological transition is also determined.
Now you need to calculate the machine (or main) time. So, for turning or drilling works, the formula RDOP / ( · ) · PE is used, where:
- RDPO - the estimated surface length that is being processed;
- HO - the number of revolutions that the spindle per minute;
- IOO - feed per revolution;
- PE - the number of passes.
Although, it is worth noting that the author is a little skidded. In general, you have an idea about the technical side of the matter - everything should be indicated here that is relevant to the object for which a technical project is being drawn up . For completeness of understanding it remains only to consider what needs to be added to the graphic part.
We make out the graphic part
It must be possible to make a copy of any document. It is also desirable to automate the accounting of all information that is recorded to them.
Within the framework of many professions, various forms were provided with which you can conveniently, quickly and without loss of details provide the necessary information.
Conclusion
When drawing up a technological project, keep in mind that what is provided in the article is just a kind of compilation of what should be. And so that you can understand how complicated everything is, let's analyze the site on which this text is located as an express example.
To describe all of its possible functions and interaction features, you will need documents that take up a hundred pages (and not the fact that no more). It would seem that what is complicated here? But in fact, it is necessary to provide for a number of details, which account for the bulk of all the implementation aspects introduced.