A heater can use in its work not energy resources, but waste that could pollute water and soil. This is not fiction at all. An example of such a unit may be a waste oil furnace. With your own hands it is quite possible to make it.
This will save on heating costs for different rooms, such as greenhouses and garages. But if you connect the heating circuit, you can make even a residential building more comfortable and warm.
Information on the device and principle of operation
Before you start working on the manufacture of the described structure, you need to familiarize yourself with the principle of its operation, which is close to what the pyrolysis furnace uses. Combustion occurs in two stages. At the first, the waste oil vapor burns, during which combustible gases are formed. The second stage is the combustion of gases at high temperatures. The smoke from the stove does not contain so many harmful impurities and toxic waste, while the efficiency of the heater is high.
Design Features
If you decide to make a furnace with used oil yourself, you should try to achieve the goal, which is the complete combustion of the used oil. The heater must provide for the presence of some elements, among them it should be highlighted:
- lower combustion chamber;
- middle chamber;
- top camera.
The first of these objects is low temperature. It is combined with the tank and supplemented with a hole for controlling the air supply. Through the hole, fuel is added and the furnace is set on fire. Combustion of gases with air occurs in the middle chamber. It is made in the form of a pipe with holes through which a large amount of air enters.
If you want to make a furnace on your own oil with your own hands, you must supplement it with the upper chamber, where the afterburning of gas residues and the formation of smoke occurs. A chimney is connected to it, which is led out.
What should be the chimney
The chimney must have a length of 4 m or more. Components should not be placed horizontally. Mining will produce soot settling in the pipes, so horizontal sections will be clogged with soot. Combustion products will be ingested, and people on the premises may be poisoned.
The chimney in the room can be laid at an angle from 45 to 90 ˚, outside - strictly vertically. The upper part of the chimney is protected by a head that will prevent the ingress of precipitation and wind blowing.
Preparation of tools and materials
In the manufacture of do-it-yourself ovens with used oil, structural or heat-resistant 4 mm steel can be used. The highest heat load will undergo the upper chamber. If forced cooling is absent, heating can reach 800 ° C. In this regard, it is advisable to perform this part of the furnace from thick metal.
The furnace can be made from scraps of pipes of different diameters or sheet iron. Before you begin, you will need to stock up on the following materials and tools:
- welding machine;
- grinder;
- sheet metal;
- paint for metal;
- a corner;
- grinding wheel;
- electrodes
- pipe scraps.
The technology of manufacturing a drip type furnace
At the first stage of manufacturing the furnace, the drip type will need to be tackled by the lower chamber. There will be primary combustion. This compartment is combined with the fuel tank. The camera will look like a round tank with a lid, in which holes are made for filling the oil and for installing a pipe that acts as a second chamber.
After cutting out the details of the lower tank, the edges should be cleaned with a grinder and welded. Walls are made from pipe trimming. The bottom of the sheet steel, as well as the legs made from the corner, should be welded to the walls of the tank. Next, you can do the execution of the cover, in which holes are made. Their diameter should be 100 mm. They are located closer to the center. Closer to one of the edges of the hole should have a diameter of 60 mm. It is better to make the lid removable, this will make it easier to clean the tank and transport the device.
If you look at the drawings of waste oil furnaces, which are presented in the article, you can understand what elements the structure consists of. For example, the device provides a pipe whose diameter is 100 mm. Its length should be equal to 360 mm. Holes are drilled in the product for air intake. The diameter should be a tenth of the diameter of the pipe. The holes are evenly spaced around the circumference and height.
Once the pipe is ready, it should be attached to the cover of the lower tank. It is important to maintain perpendicularity. There should be an air damper on the cover of the drip-type furnace, which will be held on rivets. Instead, you can use a bolted connection. The diameter of the hole for the shutter is 60 mm. Through the hole, oil is filled and the furnace is ignited. The top tank should be made by analogy with the bottom. The walls will be made of 355 mm pipe.
Methodology
In the plate, which will perform the function of the bottom, you should make a 100-mm hole, which moves to one of the edges. From below, a 110 mm pipe must be welded to the hole, which will be worn on the perforated combustion chamber.
Having examined the drawings of the waste oil furnaces, you will be able to understand that the design provides for the presence of a top tank cover. This unit will be subjected to the most aggressive effects, so it is better to perform it from 6 mm metal. A hole for installing a chimney is made in the top cover, which is located on the side opposite to the holes in the bottom of the chamber. A cutter, which is a thick iron partition, should be welded to the top cover. The clip will be located closer to the smoke hole.
In the upper part of the cover you should install a chimney that will be connected to the chimney. In order to make the structure more rigid, a spacer should be installed between the upper and lower chambers from a corner or pipe, the diameter of which will be 32 mm. If you wondered how to make a furnace, you should also think about how to make the design more attractive. To do this, many craftsmen paint devices with high-temperature paints for metal.
Cylinder oven
If a decision is made to make an oven out of a cylinder, then you need to know what you will also need:
- Bulgarian;
- drill;
- welding machine;
- chimney pipes;
- pipes for the burner;
- steel sheets;
- metal corners.
At the first stage, the cylinder must be rinsed well to prevent odor. For a cut should be put down marks. After that, the cylinder is filled to the top with water or half buried in the ground. Using a grinder in a line, you should cut the upper part. To the lower part, which acts as a combustion chamber, legs are welded, which are cut from the corners.
In order to make a furnace with used oil from a cylinder, at the next stage, a 10-cm chimney is inserted into the formed opening, in which a hole is drilled that is covered by a plate. It will allow you to control the flow of air. With a step from the place where the welding was performed, holes should be drilled, the distance between which will be 0.5 cm.
For horizontal insertion, cut holes and weld the chimney. In the upper cut-off part, an opening is made for filling the purified oil. Here you should install a tray where you can warm up a mug of water. On this we can assume that the furnace for a garage on waste oil is ready.
Water circuit oven
At the first stage, legs must be welded to the furnace body. Their length should be 30 cm. Next, the housing is installed. A grinder needs to drill holes that will be 50 cm from the floor, and 10 cm from the top of the oven.
When making a waste oil furnace with a water circuit, you will need to drill a hole for the radiator. Parts of the pipe and unit are welded together. Batteries are usually installed closer to the exit. In order to ensure natural blowing, it is necessary to make a hole in the upper part of the pipe. Its diameter will be 5 cm.
It is also important to provide for a waste oil withdrawal system. Before making holes for the radiator, the tube must be retracted. The place where the liquid will merge is provided in advance. If you live in a private house, then a drain pit may be their place.