Design work applicable to capital construction projects is distinguished by the rigor and breadth of coverage of operational aspects. Hotel-type buildings are especially complex in terms of layout, since the development of technical specifications in this case requires a multivariate architectural and engineering analysis. This is due primarily to the requirements of safety standards. But in general, hotel design should be guided by the regulatory document SNiP.
Land Requirements
The characteristics of a land plot often determine the properties and construction site. Therefore, you should pre-evaluate the parameters of the working platform. If we talk about the mandatory rules, then the zone should be able to freely access and be away from environmentally hazardous territories and objects of the industrial sector. The geodetic properties of the sites for which the design of hotels is carried out are also taken into account. The standards applicable for residential buildings, and in particular section II-L.1-62 of SNiP documents, can be taken as a basis in the development of this part of design activities.
In addition to the general engineering and technical capabilities of the site, it is important to evaluate the local infrastructure potential for development. This is primarily transport support. As noted in the rules, for every 10 rooms, architects must provide for at least 1 car in the parking area. If we are talking about 150 places, then hotel projects are calculated on the possibility of access and parking of one bus.
Space-planning solutions
Basically, planning work relates to the development of technical solutions for rooms and utility rooms. One of the main regulatory rules in this part is that hotel rooms cannot be placed below the elevated level. At the same time, the layout of the hotel on the ground floors may include the placement of a left-luggage office, a hairdresser, a consumer service center, a pantry, a laundry, a dining room, etc. Storage and working plumbing units can be equipped at the basement level.
Special requirements are presented to the planning of elevators, cooking, billet and technical premises. It is important that hotel design provides the highest possible insulation protection for such facilities inside the building. This is especially true for premises in which power propulsion systems, motors, pump stations and garbage chutes operate. Developers should provide effective means of vibration and noise reduction. The project recommends the selection of appropriate insulation materials.
Regulatory number requirements
In terms of planning, two categories of rooms are distinguished. There are no clear divisions between these groups. But in terms of characteristics, the second category surpasses the first in area. On the other hand, the numbers of the first group provide for more advanced engineering and household equipment. So, the layout of the hotel in relation to such apartments involves the number of rooms from 1 to 2. Moreover, the total area varies from 9 to 22 m 2 . As for the engineering equipment, the room receives a full-fledged plumbing unit with a washbasin, toilet, bidet, bath and shower.
The second category, as a rule, provides 1 room and up to 4 beds. The living area varies from 9 to 18 m 2 . Obviously, there is not much useful space in such an environment. Therefore , hotel projects with such rooms provide for limited equipment with plumbing equipment. The room can be installed washbasins in the singular.
Service Room Requirements
Most of the rooms intended for servicing guests are cafes, canteens, buffets and snack bars. The main thing in the design of such facilities is the accounting of the number of customers, which is based on the overall workload of the establishment. Specific figures are indicated in the regulations. They regulate the design of the hotel. SNiP under the number p. 3.25, in particular, indicates that the area of the premises for the hotel with a load of 50 people should be at least 50 m 2 . There are other service points. They have slightly different requirements. So, the area of the office of the hotel, accommodating the same 50 people, may already have 12 m 2 . In addition, architects should provide for the design of a place for the organization of workshops, a lobby group, a chamber for storing hand luggage, etc.
Utility Room Requirements
This category of premises includes such objects as the central linen, plumbing assembly, inventory warehouses and ventilation rooms. The design of utility rooms and technical rooms should be guided by the principles of causing less harm to the residential area. That is, the construction of the hotel is implemented in such a way that these facilities receive the shortest way of exhaust gas and polluted air.
Lighting and Electrical Requirements
The design decision provides for three main aspects of the implementation of the lighting system. These are directly artificial light devices, low-current devices, as well as equipment that forms the infrastructure for controlling electrical equipment. Section II-B.6 of SNiP regulates this part of the design. In particular, the design of hotels in relation to lighting focuses on the organization of interaction of electrical devices with the conclusion to a single control panel. System designers should especially consider the principles of optimized networking. After all, this is one of the most expensive items on the costs of maintaining and servicing hotels.
Engineering Requirements
The hotel should have ventilation, water, heating and, if necessary, gas supply systems. Input and distribution systems are usually located in the basement or basement. If possible, the project also lays a separate room for the switchboard, to which only employees of the institution gain access. It is important to consider that hotel design does not provide for the location of engineering and communications equipment under sinks, showers and sanitary facilities. Also, if there is a technical possibility, engineering lines are laid according to the type of hidden wiring.
Conclusion
In addition to the main sections of the design of the building structure, layout of premises and the placement of engineering equipment, the development of technical specifications should be based on economic principles. For the construction of the hotel to be economical, but at the same time high-quality, architects must carefully analyze the range of building materials acceptable for the use.
Also, the feasibility of using certain structural solutions is calculated. Moreover, it is not always financial justification that drives project developers in the process of optimizing a technical solution. Often, the desire to improve safety performance or minimize future operating costs comes to the fore .