To generate ultrasound, special emitters of magnetostrictive type are used. The main parameters of the devices include resistance and conductivity. The permissible frequency value is also taken into account. The design of the device may vary. It should also be noted that the models are actively used in echo sounders. To understand the emitters, it is important to consider their circuit.
Device diagram
A standard magnetostrictive ultrasound emitter consists of a stand and a set of terminals. The magnet is directly fed to the capacitor. At the top of the device there is a winding. A clamping ring is often installed at the base of the emitters. The magnet is suitable only for the neodymium type. At the top of the models is a rod. A ring is used to fix it.
Ring modification
Ring devices operate with conductivity from 4 microns. Many models are made with short stands. It should also be noted that there are modifications on field capacitors. To assemble a magnetostrictive emitter with your own hands, a solenoid coil is used. In this case, it is important to set the terminals to a low threshold voltage. A ferrite rod is more appropriate to select a small diameter. The clamping ring is placed last.
Rope device
Making a magnetostrictive emitter with your own hands is quite simple. First of all, a rack is prepared for the rod. Next, it is important to cut the stand. You can use a metal disk for this. Experts say that the stand in diameter should be no more than 3.5 cm. The terminals for the device are selected at 20 V. A ring is fixed in the upper part of the model. If necessary, you can wrap electrical tape. The resistance index for emitters of this type is in the region of 30 ohms. They work with a conductivity of at least 5 microns. Winding in this case is not required.
Double wound model
Double winding devices are made in different diameters. The conductivity of the models is at around 4 microns. Most devices have high impedance. To make a magnetostrictive emitter with your own hands, only a steel stand is used. An insulator is not required in this case. The ferrite core may be lined. Experts recommend preparing an o-ring in advance. It should also be noted that a field-type capacitor is required to assemble the emitter. The input impedance of the model should be no more than 20 ohms. Windings are installed next to the shaft.
Reflector-based emitters
Emitters of this type are distinguished by high conductivity. Models operate at a voltage of 35 V. Many devices are equipped with field capacitors. Making a magnetostrictive emitter with your own hands is quite problematic. First of all, you need to pick up a rod of small diameter. In this case, the terminals are prepared with conductivity from 4 microns.
The impedance in the device must be between 45 ohms. The plate is mounted on a stand. The winding in this case should not be in contact with the terminals. At the bottom of the device must be a round stand. To fix the ring, ordinary electrical tape is often used. Capacitor solders over manganite. It should also be noted that rings are sometimes used with overlays.
Fishfinder Devices
An ultrasonic magnetostrictive emitter is often used for echo sounders. How to make a model with your own hands? Home-made modifications are made with conductivity from 5 microns. Their average impedance is 55 ohms. To make a powerful ultrasonic generator with your own hands, the rod is used by 1.5 cm. The solenoid winding is wound with a small pitch.
Experts say that it is more expedient to select racks for emitters from stainless steel. In this case, the terminals are used with low conductivity. Capacitors are suitable for different types. The maximum voltage of the emitters is at around 14 watts. To fix the rod, rubber rings are used. An electrical tape is wound at the base of the device. It is also worth noting that the magnet must be installed last.
Modifications for fish finders
Devices for fish finders are only assembled with wire capacitors. First you need to install a rack. It is more advisable to use rings with a diameter of 4.5 cm or more. The coil of the solenoid must fit snugly against the shaft. Quite often, capacitors are soldered at the base of the emitters. Some modifications are made on two terminals. Ferrite core must be fixed on the insulator. To strengthen the ring, electrical tape is used.
Low impedance models
Low impedance devices operate at 12 V. Many models have two capacitors. To assemble the device that generates ultrasound with your own hands, you need a 10 cm rod. In this case, the capacitors on the emitter are installed wired. The winding is wound last. It should also be noted that a terminal is required to assemble the modification. In some cases, 4 micron field capacitors are used. The frequency setting will be quite high. It is better to install a magnet above the terminal.
High impedance devices
High impedance ultrasound transducers are well suited for shortwave receivers. You can assemble the device yourself only on the basis of transition capacitors. In this case, the terminals are blown on high conductivity. Quite often, the magnet is mounted on a rack.
Stand for emitter is used low height. It should also be noted that one rod is used to assemble the device. To isolate its base, ordinary insulating tape is suitable. In the upper part of the emitter must be a ring.
Rod devices
The rod-type ultrasonic emitter circuit includes a conductor with a winding. Capacitors are allowed to use different capacities. However, they may differ in conductivity. If we consider a simple model, then the stand is prepared in a round shape, and the terminals are set to 10 V. The solenoid winding is wound last. It should also be noted that the magnet is selected neodymium type.
Directly the rod is applied at 2.2 cm. The terminals can be mounted on a lining. It is also worth mentioning that there are modifications to 12 V. If we consider devices with field capacitors of high capacity, then the minimum diameter of the rod is allowed 2.5 cm. In this case, the winding must be wound up to insulation. A protective ring is installed at the top of the emitter. Stands are allowed to do without a pad.
Single Junction Capacitor Models
Emitters of this type give a conductivity of 5 microns. In this case, the wave impedance index of their maximum reaches 45 Ohms. In order to independently manufacture the emitter, a small rack is prepared. In the upper part of the stand must be a rubber pad. It should also be noted that the magnet is procured of a neodymium type.
Experts advise installing it on glue. The terminals for the device are selected at 20 watts. Directly, a capacitor is mounted above the pad. The rod is used with a diameter of 3.3 cm. There should be a ring at the bottom of the winding. If we consider models with two capacitors, then the rod is allowed to be used with a diameter of 3.5 cm. The winding should be wound up to the very base of the emitter. In the lower part of the drain, tape is glued. The magnet is mounted in the middle of the rack. The terminals should be sideways.