It is known that the sound "p" in Russian is one of the most complex. It requires certain vibrations and movements of the speech apparatus. We learn to say "p" before the age of five. If by this age the child cannot pronounce this sound correctly, this is a serious reason to think about visiting a speech therapist. The causes of the violation may be different. However, some of them can be handled independently. How to put the sound "p" at home?
How to check?
Any correction begins with a diagnosis. In order for the child to master the new speech skills correctly and without unnecessary efforts, it is necessary to conduct a small articulation test. It includes speech tests for phonemes in various positions. Thanks to this, one can understand the pronunciation of the sound “p” in which words causes difficulty for the child. And also to identify which part of the speech apparatus needs training.
The question of how to put the sound “p” to a child is solved in several stages. You should first check his isolated pronunciation. Let the child “growl” a little. After that, you need to try different positions:
- The beginning of the word: crab, river, hand, lynx.
- The middle of the word, between the vowels: road, tree, pirate, carriage.
- The middle of the word after / before the consonant: the cartridge, the picture, the tractor driver.
- End of the word: cook, jeweler, tiger.
- You should also trace the pronunciation of sound in such complex words on articulation as: quarry, barrier, barricades, terrarium.
Depending on the variants of the correct pronunciation , a speech therapy correction occurs. So, for example, if the child is unable to pronounce either the isolated "r" or in words, then it is necessary to produce a sound, and then fix its reproduction in combination with other phonemes. If, in isolation, the sound vibrates cleanly and is distorted in different positions, then you should work on consolidating its pronunciation.
When is a correction needed?
In practice, physiological disturbances manifest themselves in various pronunciation features. Correction of the phoneme “p” is required in the following cases:
- When the sound is skipped at all (instead of kaRavai pronounced ka_avai);
- When "p" is replaced by the phonemes "l" or "y" (kalavai, yak);
- When there is a softening of the sound in words, where, on the contrary, it should sound solid (rowry, ryuk);
- With respect to the French pronunciation of "p", there are about 30 types of violations, a specialist can identify them.
Causes
The logical question arises as to why such a difference in sound occurs? From the point of view of physiology, experts identify several reasons:
Violation of the mobility of speech organs. When pronouncing words with the sound "p", the tongue and lips of a person normally perform certain movements. In violation of this does not occur or occurs incorrectly. The primary concern here is to identify the defect.
Verification To do this, you can do the following exercises with your child:
- In front of the mirror, open and close your mouth, "slapping" your lips like fish. Then pull them out with a straw and stretch in a smile.
- To stick out and hide the tongue far away.
- Make movements up and down, left and right with the wide part of the tongue (not the tip!).
- Alternately close the left or right eye. If you follow, then with this movement a wide part of the tongue makes small movements left and right.
Short frenum of tongue. This is an innate feature in which the mobility of the tongue is impaired. It is adjacent to the bottom of the oral cavity and is fixed abruptly in front.
Verification You can check the length of the bridle with the help of such a test: the child should open his mouth and with the tip of his tongue reach the base of the upper teeth, while uttering the sound “e”. If the exercise fails, the bridle is determined to be shortened.
Hearing impairment. Some children confuse sounding phonemes (sounds). The result is incorrect pronunciation and developmental delay.
Verification As a diagnosis, you can offer your child to "catch" the sound "p" in different words, phonemes and phoneme combinations: paw, frame, p, o, p, s, w, ma, op, ish, ec , etc. When recognizing "R" he should clap his hands. Thanks to this multivariance, one can understand where the confusion occurs.
Improper breathing during speech . Breathing is the basis of the sound of the voice. With shallow breathing or with confused speech exhalation, “swallowing” of sounds or grazing (burr) can be observed. The last moment is very difficult to correct.
Articulation gymnastics
Each problem described above has an individual solution. So, articulatory gymnastics for the sound “p” helps to cope with impaired speech mobility. It is aimed at alternating tension and relaxation of the muscles of the tongue. A series of exercises with daily repetition gives a noticeable result after a week. This is a very convenient tool for choosing a solution to the problem of how to put the sound "p" at home.
Exercises:
"Shovel"
The mouth is slightly open, the tongue lies freely on the lower lip. And the upper one slaps freely on the tongue and at the same time the sound is pronounced "pah-pah-pah ...". Finally, leave the tongue in a relaxed (starting) position for 10 seconds.
"Brush your teeth"
Mouth ajar. With the tip of your tongue you need to depict brushing your teeth from the outside and inside in the direction of up-down and left-to-right on each tooth.
"We hammer in nails"
Mouth ajar. With the tip of the tongue, “tap” on the base of the upper teeth, counting from 1 to 10.
"Painter"
Mouth ajar. The lips and jaws are motionless. The tip of the tongue, like a brush, glides along the upper palate from the depth to the base of the teeth and back. Repeat exercise up to 10 times.
Short bridle
Articulation gymnastics for the sound “p” includes exercises for stretching a shortened bridle. They are relevant at an early age, help to stretch the hyoid ligament, while the tissues are amenable to change.
Exercises:
"Horse"
Mouth ajar. Lips are fixed in a smile. Press the wide part of the tongue to the upper palate and “tear” it then with a click. Care must be taken to ensure that the lips and lower jaw remain motionless.
"Fungus"
The mouth is wide open, the tongue is fully pressed to the upper sky. Then, when closing his mouth, he breaks away from the sky. This exercise is accompanied by a certain respiratory rhythm. Inhalation through the nose - the mouth is open, exhale through the mouth during its closure.
"Harmonic"
The exercise is similar to the previous one. Only now the tongue remains pressed to the sky with its mouth wide open and closed. Repeat this movement should be up to 10 times.
"Swing"
Mouth ajar. Lips are fixed in a smile. Lift a wide part of the tongue by the upper teeth, and then lower it by the lower. The tongue does not constrict while the lips and jaws do not move.
If the exercises are not useful or the anomaly is detected late and started, then it can be eliminated only surgically, with a small notch of the frenum. This is a quick and safe procedure.
Speech Therapy
Speech therapy exercises on the sound "p" are also intended for the development of the apparatus of speech. Experts recommend techniques in certain respiratory rhythms. They will help to simultaneously remove impaired mobility of speech organs and speech breathing. These universal exercises include:
- Repeated pronunciation of sounds "d" and "t" on the exhale. It is necessary to ensure that the sound is clear (not through the nose!).
- The pronunciation of the syllables "dy-dy", "you-you", "you-ta", "dy-da", "dy-da-de", "you-ta-te" .
- Fixing the correct speech exhalation in independent speech.
Speech hearing
A common case in the problem of speech impairment is the substitution of the phoneme “p” with “l”. Therefore, when conducting homework, the sound "p" should alternate in words with the sound "l" in the same positions (beginning, middle and end of the word). The child needs by ear to learn to distinguish between these phonemes.
Words sound: hand, varnish, city, milk, mosquito, chalk . After a separate recitation, the child should raise his hand with the sound "p". Moreover, he does not need to repeat the word.
As you can see, the solution to the question of how to put the sound "p" at home, requires considerable ingenuity. Words with extraneous sounds (except for “l” and “p”), as well as pronunciation of a problem phoneme in combination with consonant sounds ( frame, laurel, rout , etc.) can be woven into the test flow. Speech therapy exercises on the sound "p" here are aimed at staging a phoneme in complex combinations:
Dr
First, a long pronounce "d." The tongue appears to be a sail; pronunciation takes place on expiration. Then a vibrating “p” attaches to the phoneme: a fight, friendship, a tree . A similar exercise can be carried out with a combination with the phoneme “t”: labor, trolley, trawl .
ZR
First comes the long pronunciation of “z” (“mosquito buzzing”). In this case, the tip of the tongue touches the upper teeth. Then he quickly moves along the tubercles of the sky at the teeth ("the mosquito is frozen and trembling"). After such a warm-up, you can connect words with combinations: vision, pupil, hello .
Mechanical assistance
For such exercises, you need a teaspoon, cotton swab or nipple. The main thing is that the subject should be clean, without sharp edges. While the child makes a long sound "z" or "d" (mouth open), the adult leads the subject under the tongue left and right. In this case, oscillations should occur. As a result of such manipulations from the child, the rumbling sound "p" is clearly heard.
Fastening
The whole production of the sound "p" in a child occurs according to a certain algorithm: individual sounds-syllables-words. After mastering this part, you can proceed to compiling phrases and sentences on pictures. This is the fixation of the sound "p". A more difficult step is to learn cleanliness, tongue twisters, poems, and songs. In this case, you can use special literature, speech therapy games. Such a presentation of the material only fuels the child’s interest in the classes and positively affects the results.
Tip
It’s easy to figure out how to put the “p” sound at home. This requires patience, strict adherence to instructions and daily activities. However, violations are sometimes not only physiological, and the help of a neuropsychologist is required. If the speech therapist corrects the sound “p” with the help of exercises and games, then the task of the neuropsychologist is to study the processes in the brain and their connection with the speech problem. With age, the incorrect pronunciation of a vibrating phoneme becomes the norm. And to fix this "bad habit" without qualified help is becoming more difficult. Therefore, experts recommend paying attention to the child’s speech at the age of five.
What do adults do?
How to put the child the sound "p" - has long been a well-studied problem. But what do adults do? Is speech correction possible in this case? Partly yes. But there are a lot of pitfalls. First of all, an adult should admit his defect and begin to correct it. A visit to a speech therapist is not always necessary, although you can seek advice so that the reason (if it is unknown) is clearly stated and a set of exercises is selected. For adults, it differs in level of difficulty. It includes breathing articulation gymnastics, but without mechanical assistance, as well as reading specially selected texts aloud and singing.