Logging is mandatory for people living in rural areas. This process is preparation for a harsh period. The thrifty owner of materials for heating the house is not enough for one year. Everyone knows that quickly collected branches, fallen trees, brushwood, thrown into the fire, flare up quite slowly. A lot of heat from this will not work.
Thanks to the harvesting of wood in the woodpile, it dries well, and this will help to quickly and efficiently warm the housing. Such materials are also suitable for baths. Logging should be carried out legally, so this requires the issuance of a special permit.
Features of heating homes
Citizens are unlikely to know the problem of heating their homes with their own hands, unless, of course, they have a summer residence. After all, in apartments this procedure is not required, there are batteries for this. If a country house appears, then heating becomes an important task.
The house is pleasant to be warm by the fireplace, listen to the crackle of logs. For the bath, too, stocks of firewood will be required. They must be harvested in advance. Before doing this, it is necessary to calculate how much material is required in order to always be warm.
Forest rental
The law requires permission to procure firewood. For this, a forest lease agreement is drawn up, otherwise this work will be recognized as illegal. Thanks to this document, it will be possible to export firewood from a certain territory. There are other subtleties of logging for personal needs. It is allowed to perform selective cutting of trees felled by hurricanes and damaged by pests.
Complete deforestation can be performed if it does not have natural sustainability. In case of unauthorized removal of the windbreak, the offender is fined. Forest territories have serial numbers, which are painted on a cliff on a tree. The forest of one site has identical numbers. They determine which trees can be used for firewood. Marked plants for cutting are divided into shares.
If a person completely cuts down plots, he is entered in special lists. When the precise marking of territories is carried out, they become the property of their owner. After that, legal logging can be carried out, and at any time. You can collect brushwood - thin tree trunks with a diameter of up to 4 cm, as well as branches. You can take away everything that remains after cutting wood for free.
Terms and Conditions
To obtain permission, you must go through a special procedure. First, in the village council, you should take a certificate stating that the house has stove heating. This serves as confirmation that the preparation of firewood is necessary. Then you need to go to the forestry and write a statement. This body sends documents to the main department, after which an order is issued to conclude agreements for the sale of firewood.
Only after this is a contract concluded. You must pay for your volume in 5 days. If there are benefits or the right to a free supply of firewood, then documentary evidence must be provided. Then the forestry directs the documentation to the Ministry. After some time, permission is granted, which the applicant must have.
Since that time, 1 month is calculated, during which firewood is harvested in the forest. Forestry provides a site where logging can be done. You just need to first find out what types of trees are required, and fix this in a statement. After that, you can take the necessary tools, vehicles and go to your site.
Types of wood
There are various types of wood designed for logging. They will quickly ignite, radiate heat. Materials have heat dissipation, burn for a long time. The density of firewood depends on how they burn. It is best to harvest birch, oak, hornbeam, beech. Such materials are suitable for kindling a bath.
Oak has the highest combustion temperature; it smolders for a long time. Such materials are considered the most expensive, so the bath is heated with birch wood. Thanks to their hot, even burning, the house will have a pleasant aroma. This disinfects the air. During combustion, such materials emit tar. To prevent such a substance from settling in the chimney, at the end of the kindling it is necessary to put aspen firewood.
Needles and fruit trees are considered medium-hardwood. They burn very well, but they do not give as much heat as solid ones. Soft and loose rocks are considered aspen and alder. They are ideal for burning fireplaces, because during combustion they emit smoke and soot in small quantities. To get good heat, you need to combine such a material with birch.
Instruments
To perform the procedure, special tools are needed for the preparation of firewood. The most popular tool is an ax, which is manual and mechanical. A manual fixture is suitable for those who perform such work only occasionally, since it is difficult to use it constantly because of the heavy weight.
An excellent tool is a saw for harvesting firewood. This device is both manual and mechanical. You need to use such products correctly, and then they will be the best helpers for harvesting wood.
Now many mechanical tools for firewood are sold. They allow you to quickly and accurately perform work without the cost of physical effort. Although every manufacturer claims that his devices are the best, in fact, a mechanical cleaver can perform wood chopping better than a hand tool.
Mechanical tools
There are 2 types of mechanical type splitters:
To make the right choice, you should familiarize yourself with the pros and cons of each product. The most common include screw cleavers made at the factory or with your own hands. The main part of the device is a steel cone with a large thread. Thanks to the rotary mechanical element, wood splits. Even large firewood can be divided into 2 parts.
A hydraulic splitter has great performance, but is difficult to manufacture. The task of such a device is to break down the firewood into the required sizes. Such machines operate on electricity and gasoline.
Ax use
This fixture is an assistant in the household. When the logs were brought home, it was with an ax that they were divided into smaller parts. These tools are different, so you should know what to choose. Their weight is important. A heavy ax perfectly cuts logs, but it is difficult to work with it for a long time. And with a light instrument, a lot of their own forces are spent.
When choosing a device, the following aspects should be considered:
- Blade shape: rounded and straight. The first has cutting properties, and the second is for chopping wood.
- Blade sharpening. If it has an angle of less than 40 degrees, then the ax penetrates deeper into the material. Devices are suitable for cutting trees.
- The quality of steel. Determines the durability of the device. On branded tools there is a mark with the designation of the steel grade. It is advisable to choose a forged product.
- The length of the ax. Due to the short handle, work is carried out on outstretched arms to increase the scope.
- Hatchet thickness. The product must be comfortable in operation.
You must rely on these criteria when choosing a tool. With a quality fixture, it will be very convenient to carry out the workpiece.
Features of logging
It has long been believed that winter firewood should be harvested in mid-autumn. Trees should be ready for cold weather, because at this time they drop foliage, have no moisture. But many do this work at another time. It is advisable to engage in harvesting in warm and dry weather in order to cut and chop logs.
Harvesting firewood (not everyone can do it with their own hands) is a complex procedure that requires skills. Felling a tree is very difficult and also dangerous. The first notch is on the side where the trunk will fall. The depth of the notch is 1/3 of the circumference of the tree, and the other is made opposite, it should be deeper and higher than the previous one. A tree falls in cases where the next notch will have a critical size. In this case, you must move to a safe distance.
What happens next?
From a tree you need to chop branches, knots. Then the trunk is cut into chocks to a certain length. Chocks should be split into logs using a cleaver and a deck. If they are thin, then they are divided into 4 parts, and thick - into 6 and 8. Then the firewood is stacked in a woodpile under a canopy, where they dry out until winter.
Usually, woodpiles are located near courtyard buildings. Near the walls of the house, if it is wooden, you do not need to stack firewood, since they are affected by pests that can move into the dwelling. Before laying the woodpile, it is necessary to drive the stakes into the ground, which will serve as an obstacle from spilling. The first row is usually laid on concrete blocks, boards, stones, bricks. Everything should be covered with waterproof material.
Firewood is dried for about 5-6 months, even with favorable weather. Dry wood compared to raw wood burns well and gives a lot of heat. The sonorous knock of wood testifies to its readiness.
Firewood for a summer residence
Before logging for your own needs will be carried out, you should calculate how much they will be required so that the room is always warm. According to the standards, for heating 10 square meters. m of a log house throughout the winter will require 1 cubic meter of firewood.
It turns out that for a house of 50 square meters. m you need to complete the procurement of 5 cubic meters. m of wood. This volume is placed in a loaded ZIL machine. And if there is a bath, for example, with an area of 4 square meters. m., it will still need 0.5 cubic meters. It’s better to make a little more firewood. Thanks to the timely preparation of materials for heating the room, the winter will be warm and comfortable.