Making any decision is a responsibility, and making a management decision is a double responsibility, since the effectiveness of the work of the whole organization and the people working in it depends on the decision of the leadership. The decision-making process is a whole range of work. A decision must go through several stages of preparation in order to be accepted for execution. The main stages of making management decisions :
1.Collection and analysis of information on a situation requiring a solution. It is necessary to try to collect the most reliable and complete information, using several sources for this. Then it is desirable to turn the quantitative component of the entire information volume into a qualitative one.
2. Specification of goals. An experienced leader should be able to identify priority goals, in accordance with which mechanisms, resources and factors that influence the situation are further allocated.
3. The stages of making management decisions would not be complete without the development of an evaluation system. Each leader has his own approach to assessing the situation and his own criteria for making managerial decisions based on experience and knowledge.
4. Analysis of the situation allows you to establish certain factors that have an impact on this situation.
5. Diagnosis of the situation. This stage is sometimes included as one of the components of the analysis of the situation. At this stage, the importance of the problem is established, the possibility of the influence of this problem on production processes is investigated. To make the right managerial decision, this diagnosis must be adequate.
6. Creating a forecast for the further development of the situation. All stages of managerial decision making to one degree or another depend on the ability of the leader to predict the further development of the situation. Predicting the situation allows you to decide on several solutions.
7. What happens at the seventh stage, namely the generation of alternative solutions. All previous stages of managerial decision making should serve as the basis for this stage.
8. The choice of options for managerial impact and screening of unnecessary. After rejecting ineffective or ineffective options, one, at most two options, of further exposure is left.
9. Development of the proposed scenario for the further development of the situation. After making any managerial decision, the situation will develop rapidly, therefore, to quickly respond to changing circumstances, you need to identify the main trends in its development over time.
10. Expert assessment of the likely options for managerial impact. This assessment will allow a qualitative ranking of control actions taking into account the assessment system, to identify the level of expected achievement of the goal, to assess the material costs that will follow as a result of the proposed scenarios of events.
11. A collective peer review is recommended when making responsible management decisions. They allow you to bring a reasonable basis for effective decision-making.
12. The development of a further action plan allows you to develop a set of measures to translate the management decision into reality.
13. Monitoring the implementation of the solution allows you to monitor the further development of events and quickly respond to any unforeseen deviations from the adopted scheme.
14. Analysis of the results makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the decision and the potential development potential of the organization.
All these stages of managerial decision making precede the phase of managerial influence. The better and more efficient the managerial impact, the more efficiently the organization works economically. Based on the assessment and analysis of economic indicators, you can evaluate the effectiveness of the decisions of the head.