The main performance parameters of the enterprise working capital management involves the size of financial investments (deposit size) and the period of settlements with suppliers.
At the entrance of the controlled micro-logical subsystem from the finished product consumers, money is received in a certain amount and after a set period of time (the period of settlements with customers). In addition, short-term bank loans and cash deposits are returned.
The output of the managed micrologistic subsystem for the payment of supplies of material resources receives money after the shipment of material resources. The output also receives cash for taxes and deductions, cash for the repayment of short-term bank loans, cash for the formation of deposits, i.e. the entire financial component of the company's capital.
Management of the working capital of the enterprise in the field of regulating the level of funds in the settlement and deposit accounts is as follows. First of all, at the beginning of the planning period, a deposit account is opened for the amount of cash that exceeds the size of the deposit. If this amount is less than the deposit, the deposit account is not opened. Thus, the opening of a deposit account is postponed until the moment when the excess condition is met. In addition, if the current stock of funds in the current account is less than zero, then you need to take a short-term loan from the bank. If the current account in the current account exceeds the amount of the loan, which is the first in the line for repayment, then you need to repay this loan.
If the time from the moment of obtaining a loan reaches the end of the billing period for which a short-term loan is issued, then the working capital management of the enterprise should be aimed at repaying the loan. Moreover, part of the loan is repaid at the expense of the deposit, for which the necessary amount is transferred from the deposit account. At the first opportunity, the size of the deposit account is again restored to the previous level.
Regulation of settlements with suppliers and management of the working capital of an enterprise in this field of activity is carried out as follows. The supplier of material resources receives a proposal from the management entity on the size of an acceptable settlement period. In turn, information from the supplier on the acceptable value of the settlement period is also received from the supplier to the control entity.
In the event that payment for material resources occurs after an agreed period of time after the shipment of material resources. When the company is not threatened with bankruptcy, the payment of material resources takes place after an additional period of time, and by the amount of settlements with suppliers, the underestimation of which will not lead to the loss of solvency of the company. In addition, there is a remuneration after the previous moment of calculations for remuneration. Also, taxes and deductions are paid after the previous moment of calculation of taxes and deductions.
As practice shows, the management of fixed assets as external influences (disturbances) involves the prices of material and energy resources and payment settlement periods. With such management, methods of managing equity (Money Management, MM) are the same, but it is advisable to consider those that can most effectively withstand risks be considered priority. So MM should be made tougher, so that the safety of the deposit was higher in importance than profitability.
A control subsystem that works as follows can solve this problem.
The control subsystem receives information about external influences on the control object and information about the internal state of the system. In addition, the control subsystem receives information about the results of object management: the size of the optimality criterion, the actual value of indicators that were subject to restrictions (in the form of normative indicators). First of all, on the basis of the value of current assets and short-term liabilities , objectives for managing the object and imposed restrictions are determined, which is realized using a set of target functions.
If the goals of managing the object do not change, then the calculation of the value of the optimality criterion and the main indicators takes place.