People often can’t navigate and name ordinary things that they encounter daily. At us, as at scouts, "the eye is blurred." We can talk about high matters, complex technologies, and we are not able to say what weather phenomena are. Of course, this is not an indicator of illiteracy. Rather, these concepts are so familiar and natural that they do not, as it seems to us, need interpretation. Indeed, why give a definition to what is already clear, without any abstruse words? Nevertheless , each of us heard a story about the weather at school. Perhaps he answered without hesitation to the relevant questions of the teacher. But now everything is erased in memory. Let's restore knowledge, so as not to get into a mess!
What it is?
This is probably the most difficult question. Weather phenomena are all that happens in the toposphere, being formed under the influence of climatic and natural factors. They can be periodic and spontaneous. It all depends on the circumstances. Weather phenomena are formed under the influence of the Earth's rotation - daily and annual. They must be described separately. To complete the picture, it is also necessary to give some examples. So, weather events are precipitation (all), wind, rainbow and northern lights. You can list further. Now you probably understand what it is about. This is something that directly affects all living organisms on earth, something that ultimately depends on the development of plants, and therefore the existence of the animal world (together with us).
Rain
The story of the weather can be started with droplets of water that from time to time fall on our heads. This process is not entirely independent. The fact is that water is in constant motion. It passes from one state of aggregation to another. In the form of steam we see it in the sky (clouds and clouds). But at a certain point, it goes into a liquid state and spills on the ground with rain or rain. Such weather phenomena in the summer (in warm time) are observed more often than in winter. Rains are different: ordinary, lingering, heavy rains, "blind", short-term, mushroom and so on. And these are not just poetic epithets. These terms indicate rain characteristics. For example, protracted - this adjective means that it goes on for a long time, without ceasing. Rainfall has an increased intensity, more water falls out over a certain period than during other precipitation. We all love mushroom (blind) rain. He is dripping against the background of sunlight. The clouds do not cover the sun. Short-term rain flies suddenly and quickly passes. Most often, it is difficult to predict in advance.
Snow
It is customary to consider weather phenomena in the children's team from this particular type of rainfall. They fall in the cold season. Water in a gaseous state in the high layers of the atmosphere, bypassing the layers with a low temperature, freezes. It turns out snowflakes of the correct geometric shape. Each of them is individual, unique. But they all have six rays with needles at the ends. These are frozen water molecules. Snow is of great importance for flora and fauna. It plays the role of a “warm blanket”, covering the earth and its root systems from the cold. Small animals hide in it. More snow creates a "reserve" of water in the spring. When the earth begins to warm up, the plants wake up and require moisture for development. It gives them melting snow.
Wind
The movement of air masses running parallel to the earth's surface forms this weather phenomenon. It causes its temperature difference. Wind is classified according to speed, duration and impact power. Monsoons blow for several months. They are caused by seasonal temperature differences. The trade winds are winds that never stop. They are constant. Their difference in air temperatures at various latitudes causes them. In addition, the geography of the area (mountains and steppes, the ocean) affects the strength and direction of the wind . Air is never static. He is constantly moving, changing direction. This is due to the uneven distribution of atmospheric pressure. The wind blows from areas with a high indicator in the direction of those zones where it is lower.
Hail
This is another type of rainfall. It should not be confused with snow. Hail - ice falling from the sky. It can go not only on frosty days. If snow is obtained by solidifying water passing through layers of air with low temperature, then hail forms above, in the clouds. Ice particles themselves can have different sizes - from a few millimeters to a centimeter and even more. Unusual icefall is often described by those who investigate abnormal weather events. In the summer, hail can do a lot of harm to agricultural enterprises. Ice balls harm plants, and can completely destroy the crop. Therefore, weather and weather events are so important for farmers. A special service is involved in forecasting to prevent the negative effects of precipitation or winds. People have learned to deal with cumulus clouds in which hail is born. They release special charges, forcing them to rain until the formation of ice cubes of menacing size.
Fog
This phenomenon is represented by small droplets of water or ice particles that collect near the surface of the earth. The fog has a different density. Sometimes it greatly reduces visibility, which is dangerous for drivers and passengers. It is formed due to the contact of air flows having different temperatures. At the same time, atmospheric moisture forms particles of fog. Most often, it is observed near water bodies, where there is enough evaporation. But in places with little humidity can form. This is explained by human activity. Fuel, burning, leads to condensation of water vapor, which can cause fog.
Frost
Another type of rainfall. It is formed when the daily temperature fluctuation is high enough. That is, it is warm in the afternoon, and moisture evaporates quickly. And at night the temperature drops, then the water settles in droplets on the ground and plants, and those, in turn, freeze. Most often, frost covers objects with low thermal conductivity. We can observe it on grass, wood, earth. The wind prevents the formation of frost. It just blows moist air. There are very interesting cases of this type of precipitation. They are called hoarfrost flowers. These are accumulations of ice crystals of various shapes that cover individual sections of surfaces. They really resemble flowers and plants.
Rainbow
You can not get past this phenomenon, studying weather phenomena. In summer, a rainbow often appears after or during rain. Sunlight is refracted through droplets, as on lenses. It turns out what physicists call the phenomenon of interference. White light form 7 colors (spectrum). But this does not mean that everything will be visible to the human eye at once. The viewer is a rainbow in the form of a multi-colored rocker, whose ends tend to the ground (but do not touch it). It appears only when the sun is shining at the same time and it is raining. You can also see it at the fountain or waterfall. Rainbow is a very beautiful and impressive phenomenon.
Weather designations
Since changes in the state of the atmosphere are important for many people, special services are engaged in its study, forecasting and notifying the population of their findings. Today you can see such information on various specialized resources, in newspapers and magazines. In order to unify the data, weather designations were created. They are understood by people who speak and think in any language. For example, seeing a snowflake, anyone will understand what to expect. Rain is indicated by droplets, wind is indicated by an arrow, next to which are written special indicators (speed and direction). In special forecasts, a rainbow is depicted as a short curved curve, a hail as a triangle. It is customary to draw a thunderstorm in the form of lightning, which often accompanies it. There are other special signs.
How to tell children about natural phenomena
Parents often face this problem. It is difficult for them to put on ordinary things in lexical forms. It probably makes sense to start by creating a plan. Weather events can be described briefly or in detail. It is advisable to conduct several "lessons" so that the child remembers the material. Moreover, in life he will face him constantly. Topic: “Weather phenomena” for children is very interesting, especially if you submit information along with examples. It’s good if you show them “in natural conditions”, but not, so at least prepare pictures. The fact is that it is easier to perceive this rather complex material. Yes, don’t be surprised. This is for us adults, everything is clear, but the kids still have a lot to learn. Topic: “Weather” for young children is still a bit complicated. Here, for example, what can we say about the rainbow? The children in the garden have not yet studied physics, they practically do not know anything about light. You can conduct an experiment with a pyramid and try to explain in simple words what is happening. And it’s better, of course, to see any phenomenon with your own eyes. Fortunately now there is no shortage of video materials containing such information. They must be used.
Overall plan
It is necessary to talk about weather phenomena harmoniously and consistently. The fact is that they are all interconnected, sometimes born due to the same reasons. In order for children to understand what follows from what, it is necessary to adhere to logic. It is recommended to start with the winds. Behind them, consider precipitation - from simple to complex. If the child understands how rain turns out, then he will also master the sources of hail with snow. More difficult will be the appearance of fog and hoarfrost. You may just have to point to their existence without going into the origins. They can be considered later when the child has acquired the necessary basic knowledge.
The most interesting
In order for the children’s attention not to dissipate (like that fog), it is necessary to “dilute” the stories with facts that would help them concentrate and arouse interest. In this case, signs of weather phenomena may become such. This is a kind of transition from a "boring" theory to practice. If you are talking about rain, you can see that clouds or clouds will be a harbinger of its appearance. Of course, this is a kind of trick, but this fact is important for understanding the process. In addition, children will be interested in folk signs that exist for almost any of the phenomena. By the rain - swallows fly low, the wind raises the dust with a column. But the burgundy sunset suggests that a hurricane is planned. It will take a lot. If you accompany such examples with a story about weather phenomena, then there will be no problems with remembering. It is also recommended that the material be repeated whenever changes in the weather occur.