One of the most sought after home repair tools is an electric drill. However, as a result of heavy use, the tool may fail. If the owner of such a useful item possesses basic basic knowledge and skills, then do-it-yourself repair of a drill will not be difficult. You can not call a specialist, which will save a little.
Design Features
Any electric drill consists of a housing where electrical and mechanical parts are located. There is also a chuck in which the drill is mounted (on the main shaft of the tool).
What is included in the electric part of the drill? Usually these are the following components:
- Contact brushes (they are fixed in the brush holder).
- Start button.
- Engine speed regulator.
- Reverse.
- Electric motor
- Starting capacitor.
- Power cable (cord).
The mechanical part includes a gearbox and a bearing system. Without electrics and mechanics, a tool cannot function. The duty of the gearbox is to transmit rotation from the electric motor to the shaft.
In a percussion drill (perforator), the mechanics are more complex. Here, the mechanism provides not only rotation, but also shock-translational movement of the drill. Therefore, the perforator has gears, as well as two pistons, an impact and a flying one, a ram and a hammer.
Spare Parts Selection
During service or DIY repair work on a Bosch drill, some parts may become worn. Of course, they need timely replacement. Many masters warn that it is necessary to use only original components.
Also, you should not look for any complicated workarounds. A typical example of a gross and unforgivable mistake - instead of a broken button of the standard option, a regular toggle switch is set. This kind of “repair” must be avoided, since using such a drill can be dangerous.
The market for spare parts for power tools is quite diverse, so you can always find the necessary parts. If the drill was bought in one of the stores of a large trading network, then finding the part will not be a problem. All that is needed is to determine the manufacturer’s brand and the exact name of the instrument model. For example, Bosch. Do-it-yourself repair of the drill will be greatly facilitated by the knowledge of this information. Usually it is applied to the nameplate of any device.
This is due to the fact that various modifications of the same model may have compatible components as well as completely unsuitable parts. It should not only focus on their appearance, but also clarify information regarding the main dimensions and dimensions of the parts.
With the components of the drive mechanism, everything is not so difficult, since the data can be found without difficulty:
- On the protective rings of the separators there is a bearing marking.
- Nomenclature gear codes are stamped on them.
As practice shows, it is very simple to choose spare parts for many models of the most popular tools. As an exception, drills have been in operation for more than thirty years.
What you may need from a snap
So that you can perform basic repairs of your own electric drill, you can not do without the appropriate equipment. Usually, it all depends on the nature of the malfunction, but in most cases, to perform a DIY repair of the Makita drill (or any other manufacturer), you will definitely need the following tools:
- Screwdriver - for disassembling the device case.
- Multimeter - with its help you can find a malfunction in the electrical circuit.
- Sandpaper - for cleaning oxidized contacts.
Based on what exactly caused the breakdown, you will need to purchase some components:
- Gears.
- Brushes.
- Bearings.
- Trigger (button).
If the previous disassembly of the drill was carried out for a long time, then the lubricant in the gearbox should be replaced as a preventive measure. This will not only significantly reduce the load on the electric motor, but also increase the service life of manual equipment. Lubrication is also needed for bearings. For this reason, after eliminating the main causes of the malfunction, a diagnosis of these parts should be carried out.
DIY repair gear drill
If there is a need to disassemble the tool (breakdown, simply replacing the part or another reason), then it makes sense to pay attention to the gearbox and assess in what condition it is in technical condition. It may have worn out some parts of the transmission mechanism.
For most drills, the gearbox is arranged quite simply - two flat gears that are made of metal or hard plastic. For diagnostics, it is worth locking the motor spindle and trying to rotate the gears. It is important to evaluate the degree of backlash, as well as to check whether there is a slip at different points of transmission.
When it comes to a professional tool, the gearbox can be equipped with a gear selector or it contains an adjustable safety clutch. Only these parts are not repaired. Therefore, you have to install new ones.
To replace the gear, do not do without the help of a lock ring puller. When removing the part, it is important not to lose the key, since it is very difficult to find a replacement for it. During the do-it-yourself repair of the impact drill, when the gearbox is already disassembled, you should get out the anchor completely, which will allow you to evaluate the smoothness of travel and check for the presence of play in the bearings.
Armed with an awl, you can remove the protective covers of the separator in order to verify its safety. For the mandrel, it is best to choose a copper tube or a wooden bar with a longitudinal hole.
Having performed manipulations with the gearbox, it is necessary to remove the grease residues and fill the chamber with new molybdenum paste (up to 2/3 of the volume). Before assembling in the reverse order, make sure that there are no foreign objects.
Drill Chuck
The most common mechanical failure is turning the drill in the chuck. This indicates that the degree of clamping has become too low. As a rule, a replacement is needed, but not every master is familiar with how a cartridge is removed. Do-it-yourself repair of an impact drill depends on the complexity of the device.
Sophisticated equipment
Models of tools with power from 600 to 800 W differ wedge-cone landing chuck. The spindle is a sleeve that includes the shank of the collet chuck. To remove it, you need to find a hole on the side of the sleeve and insert a powerful screwdriver there. She should pry the end of the shank and push it out.
However, there may not be a hole. Then the sleeve must be clamped in a vice and hit the cartridge with a hammer of medium strength through a piece of wood. They should not be chaotic - they should be alternated at diametrically opposite points on four sides.
Low power electric drills
For low-power tools, the spindle at the end is equipped with a right external thread, on which the cartridge is wound. In its central part there is a hole, but with a left-hand thread for the shunt bolt. With this fastener, the head is designed for a square or Phillips screwdriver. It needs to be unscrewed.
Further, the do-it-yourself repair of the drill cartridge reduces to the following. First, you should block the impeller of the engine, which can be done with a nail. Then try to abruptly, but with moderate force, tear the cartridge in the counterclockwise direction.
Electrical faults
Now it is worth touching the malfunctions of the electrical part of the drill. In almost every model, the corresponding compartment is not located anywhere, but in the handle (there is also a button). In most cases, the instrument must be completely disassembled to resolve the problem.
As a rule, this does not cause difficulties, but some nuances may arise. The fact is that sometimes the case is held not only by screws, but also by clamps. Having disassembled the case into two halves, you should remember, but it is better to photograph the arrangement of elements and wiring. For some models, the layout can be quite intricate, which complicates the repair of the drill yourself.
The main symptom of an electrical failure is that the device simply does not turn on. To begin with, it is recommended to move the cord (in the place where it comes out of the case) with the drill power button held down, as a partial wire break is possible. Such a malfunction is observed in 90% of cases. If so, the tool will start working again.
Start button malfunction
It is not difficult to identify a malfunction of this part of an electric tool. You will need to disassemble the drill case, connect the power cord and use an indicator screwdriver to check for voltage at the input contacts of the button.
If current is present, you should press the trigger. If the drill engine at this moment does not show signs of life, then the malfunction is more serious. Then there are two options for further events:
- Try to perform an independent repair of the trigger.
- Replace the button.
It is better to prefer the second option, although there are certain nuances here (we will talk about them below). However, if you want to enrich your personal experience or just to pass the time usefully, you can try to fix the trigger when doing your own repair of the drill.
Button Repair
For some models of electric drills, this part is equipped with an electric motor speed regulator and also has a rotor direction control (reverse). This is a rather complicated design, so the button should be repaired with a high degree of caution. Often after disassembly, its further use is not possible.
Inside the button of such a complex device there are many small parts that can fall out already when the case is opened. They are easily lost, it is difficult to put them in their original place. Therefore, this part of the work should be performed with increased attention.
After a careful disassembly, the terminals should be cleaned of soot (perhaps, therefore, the current did not pass) and assemble everything in the reverse order. Next, you need to check the button for functionality.
Button Replacement
As for the triggers, which lack the speed regulator and the direction of rotation of the engine, here it is not so simple. Although their design is somewhat lightened, it is still quite complex. However, it often makes no sense to repair the drill buttons with your own hands, since it is much more practical to install a new one.
To do this, you should visit the nearest store where they sell spare parts for electric tools.
Here you need to take into account an important nuance. There is a great variety of drill models, so not all buttons are absolutely identical. When going for a purchase, it is necessary to rewrite the data of the old part on a sheet of paper. But even with such actions, misunderstandings may arise, since there is a possibility that a purchased button with the same parameters will not fit into the power tool body, since there are differences in the design of this mechanism, due to which it is impossible to fix it.
For this reason, the best option is to take the old button with you and pick up a new part with exactly the same parameters, including dimensions.
Brushes
Another common malfunction of electric drills is wear on the engine brushes. When they grind by 40%, interruptions in the operation of the drill and even sparks can be detected. With an even greater degree of wear, the power unit will simply not start. Replacing obsolete parts at home is not so difficult.
In some models, there is an opportunity for DIY repair. drills (in particular, brush replacement) without opening the case. There are special plugs for this. It is enough to unscrew them and replace the old worn brushes with new ones. When choosing new parts, one should pay attention not only to their dimensions, but also to the section profile.
Do not allow too much wear on the brushes, as this is fraught with a number of troubles. Firstly, the gap between them and the collector plates increases, which leads to increased sparking. Secondly, because of this, the plates are very hot, as a result of which they can move away from the base of the collector. This may entail the need to replace the anchor.
Engine malfunctions
Such breakdowns can completely disable the necessary device. A clear example of this is an open or short circuit of the windings. In this case, the instrument makes extraneous sounds (like mooing), or the engine completely refuses to start.
In this case, when doing DIY repair of the drill, you need to disassemble the case.
It is possible to determine exactly where the damage occurred (in the stator or rotor) by the presence of traces of melted and blackened varnish. Circuit verification with a multimeter also helps. The impeller anchor, including the stator, can be bought at any store. Next, you need to replace the old with a new one.