Currently, the traditional Russian stove is a unique building. Such a heating device can be found today in urban or rural houses. The design not only heats the room, but is also used by the owners as a place to relax, helps to cook food and dries things well. For the construction of such a structure, certain knowledge will be required, without their presence it is better to use the help of an experienced craftsman. But if you decide to do the work yourself, then it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the technology and order.
Design Features
Before you make a Russian stove, you need to find out what parts it consists of. In size, such devices are small, large and medium. A conventional oven has a stove bench, oven and cooking surface. For construction, you will need to build a fire, a hearth, a cold stove, a cooking chamber, a crucible, an overtube, a stove bench and a view.
For drying firewood, it is customary to use subfire. In many buildings, such a department does not exist at all, because it often turns out to be unclaimed. But the dishes can be stored in a cold stove, it is also not always built. In front of the crucible is a hearth. It is a niche where the cooking stove is located. If it is located elsewhere, then food is put at six so that it does not cool.
One of the parts is under. It is installed with a slope to the entrance to the chamber, so that the dishes inside are easier to move. The surface of this element is polished. The cooking chamber is also called a crucible and is used to install heat-resistant cookware and bookmark firewood.
The vaults of the camera are performed with a bias towards the entrance. This configuration contributes to the accumulation of hot air masses, heating the walls of the furnace and stove bench. If you have a question about how to make a Russian stove, then you should know that you can supplement it with a tank for heating water. In the construction, the heating section is also heated, because of this the furnace reaches the desired temperature faster, and the room warms up in a short time.
In the summer, the furnace is not used as a heating device, this possibility arises due to the presence of different departments. This allows you to save fuel and maintain a normal microclimate at home. In winter, all departments warm up in the furnace, which contributes to the heating of the oven, stove, hearth and the entire room.
Furnace dimensions
The average size of the Russian stove should be such that it can heat a room with a certain area. If this parameter is 30 m 2 , then the width as well as the height should be equal to 142 and 213 cm, respectively.
In this case, a distance of 180 cm is maintained between the bed and the flooring. The dimensions of the Russian stove can be reduced as well, this will allow you to get a mini heating device that burns less coal, firewood or pallets. You can use any other solid fuel. Such a design will occupy less space in the room.
Seat selection
They begin to build a Russian stove after choosing a place for it. If the room is made of wood, then between the walls of the house and the heating device it is necessary to leave about 20 cm. In order to ensure complete safety, the wooden walls are covered with non-combustible material, such as asbestos boards. If you leave a gap, this will allow you to audit the walls of the device, which should be done before the onset of the heating season.
When installing equipment between two rooms in the opening, you must cover it with brick, the thickness of the masonry should be 20 cm. A gasket of asbestos sheet is made between the wooden wall and the masonry.
Tool preparation
It is impossible to build a Russian stove without a specific set of tools. Among them are the following:
- trowel;
- pickaxe hammer;
- alignment;
- building level;
- plumb line;
- order;
- rule
- shoulder blade;
- capacity for solution;
- a measured level.
You can replace the trowel with a trowel. It is used for applying mortar to bricks. Using this tool, you can clean the masonry from excess mortar between the seams. A hammer-pickaxe is great for cracking and snapping bricks. It is used to fit individual elements.
When it is not planned to decorate the Russian stove with decorative tiles, the jointing is used. At any stage of construction, you need to use the construction level. With it, you can check the evenness of the masonry. But to measure the verticality, a plumb line is used.
A very useful device is ordering. With its help, it is possible to maintain the verticality of the masonry, observing the same thickness of horizontal joints. A rule is used to level the surface of the foundation. It will be needed in the process of work only once. You can stir the solution with a spatula. But the measuring bar will be needed to measure the width of the seams.
Material preparation
Russian stove involves the use in the process of work:
- refractory material;
- sand;
- soft wire;
- gate valves;
- grate;
- Doors
- asbestos cord;
- fireclay material;
- clay.
All these materials are prepared in the first stage.
Foundation construction
The construction of a Russian stove necessarily requires a foundation, since the design has an impressive weight. The project usually involves the construction of a monolithic reinforced concrete support. This design should be separated from the main foundation, these parts should not be connected.
To begin with, layers of waterproofing are laid. Roofing material is excellent for this. The sole of the base of the house will be at the same level as the base of the furnace structure. A distance of 5 cm should be maintained between them.
Sand is being poured into the gap. The upper part of the furnace foundation should be 14 cm below the floor surface. If a Russian brick oven is installed in the place of a buried foundation, then the foundation pit must be expanded, and then fill it with sand and gravel, which are well compacted.
Masonry
Once the construction of the furnace foundation is completed, you can proceed to the construction of the furnace itself. To carry out the laying help drawing. In doing so, you must adhere to order. In order to make the design safe, the masonry should be sealed. It cannot be obtained using cracked bricks. Seams between 5 and 8 mm thick are left between the rows. For tightness, it is undesirable to use clay, coating it with walls from the inside. This produces soot, and thermal conductivity decreases.
Before starting work, the ceramic brick is soaked so that it does not absorb water from the solution. After this, the products dry at the same time, ensuring good tightness of the walls. The outer walls are laid out in half or in one brick, while the internal ones are laid in half-brick. If you make them in one brick, then you will get an impressive thickness, which makes the stove warm up longer. As for the operation process, at this stage you will spend more fuel.
Ordering
The ordering of the Russian stove will allow you to understand the intricacies of the work. Accuracy, evenness and the correct direction of the design will depend on the correct laying of the first row. With the help of a corner, a long ruler and chalk, before starting the masonry, it is necessary to draw the location of the external walls. Bricks of the outer wall are laid on the surface, after which you can proceed to the execution of the inner surface.
In the second row it is necessary to lay the stove wall, arrange the inner channel for cleaning. For cleaning and blowing chambers, the door is installed in the third row. Fixation is carried out with steel wire, which is screwed to the ears on a cast-iron door. The ends should be hidden in the seams between the bricks. In the internal channels, the entrances from above overlap in the fourth row. This allows you to form the ceiling of the hearth channel.
The grate is installed in the fifth row. The inside of the furnace must be covered with fireclay bricks. It is pre-cut in half in thickness. The door of the small firebox is installed in the same row. The tank for heating water will be in the sixth row.
The next row provides for the installation of a grate in a small firebox. A door is mounted on a large firebox. Steel strip pulls down the right wall. Masonry of the back wall of a large furnace is carried out without mortar. The door of the small firebox is installed and fixed in the next two rows. Then you can continue to output the internal channels. Laying the bottom of the furnace is carried out in the tenth row.
In the rear part of the structure, channel openings are formed, which are responsible for the movement of heated air masses. In this row, the tank for heating water is blocked. On the edge of the masonry in the 11th row, a metal corner with a side of 50 mm is fixed. It will become the basis for the hob.
A valve is installed on the left side of the plate in the 12th and 13th rows. It will serve as a choke for the cooking chamber. The lower part of the chimney is formed on the left. The order of the Russian stove in the next row provides for the formation of an entrance for the chimney. Here you should bring the walls of the furnace and make holes for the damper.
In the fifteenth row, the masonry must begin to be narrowed, removing the chimney. In the 18th row, a screed of the rear furnace wall is installed. The arch continues to narrow. A metal corner is mounted above the hob niche. The wall above the entrance to the cooking chamber is strengthened in the 19th row. Use for this is necessary a steel strip. In this case, it is necessary to fill the sand in the formed place and compact it, which increases the heat capacity of the furnace.
The masonry overlaps the sand surface in the next row. The weights narrow in the 22nd row. Then install a metal element with a round hole. Next, a door is installed to clean the chimney. In the next row, a valve is made on the annulus, with its help the thrust in the crucible and furnaces will be regulated.
When laying the Russian stove with a stove, the next step is to connect the overtube to the chimney. Then the pipe is laid out to the level after which the formation of cutting begins. The masonry is performed on a solution of cement. When the chimney will be discharged through the attic, waterproofing should be provided. The gaps between the roofing material and the pipe overlap. On this we can assume that the laying of the furnace is completed.
More about chimney masonry
The chimney of the Russian stove should provide good traction. To do this, the pipe is made 5 meters high. The masonry is carried out using red solid or refractory bricks. The binder solution may be a cement-lime or cement-sand mixture. In the place where the temperature is especially high, a special composition for laying the furnace is used.
If you are planning to build a Russian stove with your own hands, a step-by-step instruction will be your best assistant. And in the process of construction, skill will accumulate. So, for example, you will understand that, it turns out, the desired piece from the product can be split off with one blow. However, you will only achieve such mastery over time. If you only master the described works, then it is better to use a grinding cutting machine for this purpose, but first you need to mark the brick with a marker. The seams should be as thin as possible, only in this case the chimney will turn out to be strong. Their optimum thickness is 15 mm.
To form the otter and cut it is necessary to use metal rods, which are installed in brickwork. However, the fittings must not cross the chimney. The width and height of the chimney will depend on how thick the joints will be. The thickness of the walls of the brick chimney is 10 cm, which allows for fire safety.
When a Russian stove is being built with a stove bench, holes for cleaning are left in the chimney area. Brick walls should be perfectly smooth, and the corners should be straight. The internal surface of the chimney is finished with plaster for smoothness. The more roughness the walls have inside, the more soot will settle there. It reduces cravings and may contribute to a fire. If you want to immediately understand where soot seeps through the cracks, it is better to finish the chimney outside with whitewash.
Furnish decoration
Facing the Russian stove with tiles is one of the most common finishing methods. The material is laid on the glue, which is applied with a notched trowel. Air pockets should be excluded. They can be dangerous because the air heats up faster than glue or tile. It begins to expand, which causes the cladding to peel off.
A Russian stove with a stove bench can be finished using a slightly different technology. It provides for the use of a trowel. This technology is applicable when the surface has certain deviations along the plane. In this case, glue should be applied to the corner of the tile, distributing it in a circular motion. The composition fills all the bumps, and the excess will go beyond the edges of the tile. When facing a Russian stove with a stove, you may encounter difficulty when the finish is not installed in its place. At the same time, it is necessary to hit with a rubber hammer on its surface.