The use of information technology (hereinafter IT) in the modern world occurs in all spheres of human activity. Smart systems and programs come to the rescue in accounting and finance, medicine and pedagogy, advertising and cinema, and many others. Information technologies in construction also brought positive changes in the work of specialists - builders, designers and architects, customers. Computers help from the very beginning, accepting ideas to creating a project, visualizing the result, making calculations and estimates, directly erecting structures and managing the object itself.
CAD
For the implementation of information technology in construction using computer-aided design systems - CAD. With their help, you can perform:
- architectural planning;
- solving problems of project planning;
- design decisions;
- calculate the mechanical characteristics of structures (strength, rigidity, stability, and others);
- creation of documentation, design, project and estimate;
- management of the construction process itself.
We list the most popular programs in construction:
- AutoCAD
- ArchiCAD;
- Allplan;
- nanoCAD;
- Revit
- "Compass";
- SCAD Office
- "PC LIRA" and others.
AutoCAD, a brief digression
AutoCAD - CAD systems used by builders, architects, and specialists from other industrial sectors. The application allows you to create two-and three-dimensional models. Using a program that operates with common graphic primitives, drawings, drawing documentation are created. The existing library of elements allows the use of dynamic blocks; if necessary, it is possible to change their parameters. The system can control printing, including three-dimensional.
For the construction and architecture based on the program created special applications:
- Architecture - for working with drawings and documents;
- Civil 3D will help with the design of infrastructure, road wiring, land management and landscape;
- Inventor 3D - you can use it when designing complex sections of communications (pipelines, cable systems, etc.).
- Navisworks - checks architectural designs.
The service has a paid license for commercial use, free for study and teaching.
Archicad
It is considered one of the best applications used in construction and architectural design. Information technology in construction, thanks to this application, allows you to create a virtual model of real structures, through the use of tools that have real analogues (columns, walls, windows, floors and so on). In parallel with the project, documentation is created.
Estimated documentation
Information technologies in construction help in the preparation of budget documentation and allow:
- calculate the estimate;
- choose the form of estimates;
- use knowledge of regulatory frameworks, indices, ratios.
There are more than a dozen applications that automate these processes. Most Popular:
- "Estimate 2000" \ "Resource estimate";
- Smeta.ru;
- Estimate 2000;
- "Obverse";
- "Grand Estimate" and others.
The ability to automatically verify calculations and create forms for printing facilitates such work, reduces the time it takes to create it. Almost completely eliminates the possibility of error.
Integrated Management Programs
Existing information technology systems in construction are designed for integrated management of enterprises in this industry. Most popular:
- "1C: Construction Organization Management";
- "1C: Construction Contractor. Construction Production Management";
- "1C: Construction Contractor. Financial Management."
Systems help in the preparation of schedules, monitoring the implementation of work. It is possible to exchange data with estimated and financial programs.
IT in construction - newspaper
The newspaper "Information Technologies in Construction" is an electronic resource. It was published in Moscow, MGK "GRAND MEDIA" since 2005. Since 2011, he began to appear in the electronic version. There is an official site. The frequency of publication is once a month. "Information technology in construction" is a newspaper popular among both narrow specialists in the construction industry and among users of services. We list the main topics.
- Latest construction news.
- Industry information technology news.
- Estimated practice, clarifications in working with the Grand-Estimate program.
- Regulatory issues in all areas of the construction industry.
In the newspaper you can find interviews with specialists in the construction and automation of the industry, answers to frequently asked readers questions.
Information technology in construction, magazine
"Construction Expert" is a portal for specialists in the construction and architectural industry. Exists since 1998. It produces periodicals and special editions about all segments of the architectural and construction industry. Its authors are professional architects, designers, builders, businessmen, scientists, teachers, employees of public and state organizations. Among the partners of the project: the Union of Architects of Russia, the German standard Knauf, Graphisoft ArchiCAD, and many others. The main sections.
- Articles. It contains international and domestic news in the field of design, facility design, construction and more.
- Events. Here you can find information about seminars, sections, congresses on construction topics.
- Gallery of projects. It has three sections: architecture, interior, landscape. In each section, advanced projects are presented, their description in each area.
- Professionals. It contains information about specialists involved in construction and architectural activities: in design, construction, science and education, in economics and law, as well as in the media.
- Organization. The names of the subsections speak for themselves: manufacturers, suppliers, distribution networks, state and public bodies in the construction field.
- Special projects.
- Contests.
It is not difficult to find the magazine "Information Technologies in Construction", as it has an official website.
BIM - modeling
Modern construction at all stages is a complex of calculations, projects with a huge set of practical tasks related to materials and structures, investments and costs. Today's customer is not enough to get a good, solid building. At the very least, he wants something non-standard, durable and at minimal cost. The use of information modeling technology in construction helps in solving these and many other problems.
In the course of project management for the construction of complex technological networks rich in communications and equipment, a number of problems arise. Most of them can be allowed at the design stage. Most of them can be eliminated. Thanks to the use of BIM technology, the effectiveness of the interaction of all parts of the process increases, cost, time and risks are reduced. This is not just a software product - it is a change of approach to project management.
The building information model is a complex model containing complete graphic and textual information about all elements. The system consists of five basic levels characterizing the development process. From concept to actual state. At various stages, the level of detail sets the required amount of information. Level requirements are cumulative. Thus, the following automatically contains requests from the predecessor.
The main technology is a three-dimensional model. Depending on the tasks to be solved during the work, additional vectors are added: 4D - time, 5D - cost, 6D - operation.
Key Benefits of BIM Modeling
We list the main advantages of BIM modeling:
- Creation, by adding atypical elements, symbols and so on to the database.
- Collaboration both between departments and participants of the investment project.
- Parameterization.
- Search for collisions, as a result, their timely elimination.
- Release of any documentation. From project to budget and accounting.
BIM-model - a numerical, editable, existing in real time. Despite the relative high cost, technology is becoming increasingly promising for the Russian Federation. This happened due to the fact that recently in the sphere of architecture and construction in Russia the following trends have arisen:
- The transition to the construction and implementation of very large, complex, so-called mega-projects.
- Implementation of energy efficiency concepts, transition to innovative, energy-saving construction technologies.
- The need to move in the field of housing and communal services and the management of state property to the latest information technology solutions.
- A growing number of projects requiring bilateral attraction mechanisms. On the one hand - state structures, on the other - private business.
Information technology in professional activities
The use of IT in the architectural and construction field requires large investments, both monetary and intellectual. The cost of the programs themselves, equipment (one 3D printer costs like a spaceship), training of specialists is quite expensive.
Today there are organizations that are able to carry out all types of work, ranging from ideas to legal issues in construction. The best specialists work here and the best, modern and expensive equipment is involved. One of these enterprises is NPF Center for Information Technologies in Construction LLC in Moscow. Carries out activities related to design, project management, implementation of construction control and copyright control.
Current IT situation in road construction
Information technology in this area is the subject of discussion in government, among people of science, in the media. In parallel, in the process of increasing the efficiency of urban planning, a separate discussion is being held on the possibility of using BIM technologies not only in the construction of buildings, but also in other industries, in particular the road sector. Information technologies in the professional activity of road construction make it possible to form all stages and processes as a single unit throughout the entire life cycle of an object. Both at the stage of operation and withdrawal from it, and at the stage of formation of design, budget and executive documentation.
BIM and PLM
BIM-information technologies in road construction were ahead of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) technologies, but they only took root in mechanical engineering. Since efficient production in this area is the concern of large corporations. And providing the population with quality roads is the prerogative of the state.
The basic principles of BIM to one degree or another are already being implemented in the technology of information activities of road construction. Together with representatives of science, government, and economic bodies, legislative acts have been adopted providing for the introduction of technology in the road-building sector of Russia.
IT protection
A set of measures to ensure the protection of data from any influences must be provided for and used on all media and systems. Personal data, electronic documents, ideas, developments, mail correspondence with colleagues and partners, financial and accounting files - all this can cause commercial and not only interest from outside.
In today's arsenal, funds are presented as physical and organizational, hardware-software, legal. That is, from security and good doors to the adoption of laws and legislation. Protection of information technology is a very broad topic and deserves special attention.
Finally
Information technology more and more densely enters into all spheres of human life. The forms and methods are quite diverse. It can be a computer program, an Internet site, social networks, complex both hardware and software multi-complexes, designed to solve serious, specific problems. IT “broke through” into the construction and architectural industry. The availability of modern services can help the work of professionals, training students and schoolchildren. The Internet will help ordinary people doing repairs at home or in the country. The Arsenal of IT is constantly being improved, more and more new forms come in, designed to speed up work, make its result perfect, reduce costs and much more.