The arrangement of a private house is a difficult task, but it is feasible and interesting. Almost all the necessary objects inside the home can be built with your own hands. The staircase to the second floor is no exception. To build it, you need to know some of the requirements that put forward to such structures. Learn how to make a staircase to the second floor, will help the advice of experienced professionals. Their recommendations will be discussed later.
General recommendations
Even a novice master can make a staircase to the second floor (photo is presented below). You need to choose the appropriate way to create such a structure. It is important to give preference to simple design options.
To assemble the stairs yourself, you can purchase a kit in a specialized store. It provides for the presence of all necessary elements. They will only need to be put together. This is a simple process that usually does not cause difficulties even for a beginner. Assembly of the structure is quick. This option is ideal if you want to complete your home improvement quickly.
Many craftsmen prefer to make all the elements of future construction on their own. In this case, the staircase will look original. Her style will perfectly match the interior design. It will be a truly exclusive staircase. Its construction will take more time than would be required to assemble the finished structure. This is a fascinating process that will require the master to certain knowledge and skills.
How to make a staircase to the second floor yourself? First, a plan is necessarily created, on which the space of the room is applied. Next, each detail of the future staircase is drawn. The exact dimensions are indicated. At this stage, you need to choose what materials the object will be built from, what configuration it will have. At the same time, building codes and requirements are taken into account. This allows you to create a safe, beautiful and durable staircase. It will harmoniously complement the existing interior.
Staircase components
It should be said that a staircase can be made of metal, brick, concrete or wood. The latter option is more often chosen by masters. Wood is easier to process, it harmonizes with many interior styles. You need to choose the right design, giving it the desired design.
How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor? This process must begin with careful planning and a schematic designation of all structural elements. Any staircase has obligatory and additional elements. The first category of parts includes steps and supports that support them.
Steps consist of treads (horizontal plane) and risers (vertical plane). Steps can do without the second element. However, the riser is an additional support for the steps.
A support is an element on which steps are mounted. It can be made in two versions. The first of them is called a bowstring, and the second - kosour. They are slightly different in location. Kosour passes under the steps. The bowstring supports them from the ends.
When studying how to make a staircase to the second floor in the country or in your own house, you need to take into account one more nuance. The staircase to the second floor should have a railing and supports. They can be absent only if steps are mounted between two walls. In other cases, this is an obligatory element, which is required by safety rules.
Additional elements are a rack for a spiral staircase, bolts. They are present only in certain types of structures.
Marching Staircase
To make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself, you need to consider their main varieties. One of the simplest versions to perform is the marching type design. It consists of one or more inclined spans with steps. They are separated from each other by special horizontal platforms.
This is one of the safest types of structures. On such a ladder it is comfortable to climb and descend to both young and old residents of the house. The disadvantage of the flight of stairs is its large size. It takes up a lot of space indoors. Therefore, marching structures are installed only in spacious rooms.
When creating a plan for such a ladder, several construction requirements must be taken into account. Marches should consist of 3-15 steps. Going beyond this range is not recommended. If there are more steps, falling can cause serious injury. Therefore, it is better to choose their average number for one march. The areas between them should be equal to the average step length of an adult.
Steps can be mounted on a bowstring or stringer. If the width of the tread is sufficient, you can not mount the risers. Strong support boards with a thickness of at least 6 cm must be chosen. Supports demand high quality materials.
Stairs in the staircase
To make a staircase to the second floor of wood, you can apply additional elements. They are called bolets. This mount gives the staircase a stylish look. Even with a wooden structure in the presence of bolts, it will be possible to fit into the interior in hi-tech or minimalism style. At the same time, such stylized bolts increase the strength of the structure. She looks light and airy. Risers in this case are not needed.
Bolts are a metal support with a fairly wide diameter. At its ends there is a thread that allows you to thread the pin into the fabric of the tread and fix it firmly. In this case, the second side of the bolt crashes into the wall. The staircase looks floating in the air. However, the design has high rigidity.
This design option harmoniously fits into the interior of both a spacious and a small room. Graceful turns that you can perform when arranging a staircase on the stairs will allow you to decorate the interior.
The disadvantage of this design is the inability to equip it in the center of the room. Nearby there must be a wall. Otherwise, the bolts cannot be fixed. Therefore, in the process of planning a future staircase, you need to consider where other objects are located in the room.
If the structure is installed near the wall, it will take up less space in the room than the construction of the march type. However, for designing an interior in a rustic or ethnic style, this design option will not work, it will not be able to create a harmonious image. Although separately, it will look beautiful. How to make a staircase to the second floor? In many ways, this element depends on the style of the room.
Spiral staircase
An interesting option is a spiral staircase. It takes up little space in the room, so it can be equipped even in small rooms. However, this design does not have to be installed near the wall. It can be in any suitable area of the room.
Considering how to make a spiral staircase to the second floor, the master may encounter a number of difficulties. This is a complex type of construction. With an incorrect calculation, moving up such a ladder will not only be uncomfortable, but also unsafe. Also, it will not be possible to lift dimensional objects on the second floor.
A spiral staircase looks beautiful and stylish. It can complement different types of interior. In the center of this design there is a rack. The steps are firmly fixed on it. Due to their special configuration, one cannot move quickly along such a staircase. The support post can be made of wood or metal. The second option is more reliable. He is chosen even if you need to make a wooden staircase to the second floor of the house.
First you need to mount the rack. It needs to be firmly fixed on both floors (on the first and second floor). Next, you need to mount the steps. The outer edge of the tread should be wide. Otherwise, moving up the stairs will be inconvenient. The narrow inner edge should abut against the support post.
A mandatory element for a spiral staircase is the railing. They must repeat the configuration of the entire system. Under the railing you need to install balusters. Supports should be at a small distance from each other.
How to calculate for a screw structure?
Considering options on how to make a staircase to the second floor, many owners choose a screw design. To build such an interior object, you need to perform the correct calculation. Take into account the dimensions of the opening. If it is quite small, the stairs will be steep enough.
On the floor in the room and on the ceiling of the second floor you need to determine the center. The support rod will be fixed here. From it to the end of the opening you need to measure the distance. It is this length of the step that you will need to install on the rack. Their width in the central part of the tread should be at least 20 cm. The outer edge should have a width of at least 42 cm. In this case, it is much easier to work with wood. This material is easier to process.
Having developed a detailed building plan, you can purchase the required amount of materials. This will avoid unnecessary costs. The stock of materials, calculated clearly according to plan, can be minimal. The wood must be of high quality. It must be dry. Surfaces will need to be treated with an antiseptic and a flame retardant.
To make a staircase in the house to the second floor, you will need to purchase separately wooden balusters. They are installed under the railing at each stage. Therefore, the number of supports for the railing should equal the number of steps. Balusters can have different shapes. On sale are many options for staircase decor.
Norms and Standards
How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor? The answer to this question will require clear calculations. At the same time, building codes are taken into account. They stipulate what angle of inclination the structure and other nuances should have.
Almost always install a railing for the stairs. Handrails should be at a height of about 85 cm. It should be convenient for the homeowners to place their hand on the railing. At the same time, their growth must be taken into account. Under the railing are balusters. If the house has small children, you need to make the distance between the railing supports for at least 11 cm.
The staircase is subjected to high loads. Therefore, the materials for it must be very durable. Boards, timber should not have defects, cracks. Particular attention should be paid to the dimensions of the tread when planning. It should have a width of at least 20 cm. If the dimensions of the room allow, you can create steps 30 cm wide. It will be more comfortable to move along them. There should be an odd number of steps in one span. They should be the same height and width. The length of the steps should be at least 1 m.
The angle of inclination of the stairwell should be 30-50º. Otherwise, this design will be uncomfortable to move. Too gentle stairs will take up a lot of space in the room. Its construction will require more materials. The steep angle of inclination of the span makes the climb uncomfortable. It is especially difficult for elderly people and children to move along such stairs.
Plan creation
There is an established methodology that helps to correctly make the stairs to the second floor. Knowing all the nuances of this work, choosing the appropriate design, you can begin to create a drawing. Builders argue that it is much easier to build a staircase on the kosoura.
It is necessary to measure the free space in the room in order to correctly create a design diagram. The staircase must be represented in the form of a triangle. Its legs will correspond to the width and height of the structure. The hypotenuse of the triangle will be a span with steps. It is necessary to correctly calculate the angle of inclination. If the flight of stairs does not fit in the room, it is better to give preference to the design on the racks or screw type.
When the triangle is drawn, you need to calculate the number of steps on it. It is necessary to divide the length of the span by the width of the treads. Next, the number of steps on the plan is noted. The height of the risers should be about 11 cm. To accurately determine this value, you need to divide the height of the stairs by the required support height for the treads. The width of the stairs should also be indicated . When the dimensions of the steps are calculated, you can draw the configuration of the kosour. This drawing must be used when creating parts of the stairs.
Preparation of structural elements
Studying the technology that helps to make the stairs to the second floor, you need to consider in detail each stage of the work. After creating a detailed drawing, you will need to prepare all the details for the assembly of the stairs. They must correspond to the dimensions calculated during the drawing up of the drawing.
First, the contours of this structural element are applied to the board that has been selected to create the kosour. It is important to carry out the dimension transfer clearly. Each step should be the same in length and width. The quality of the material for kosour should be very high. This is a solid array. The wood must be dry. It is better to give preference to grades of medium hardness.
Creating cutouts for treads, you can reduce the length of the kosour in this place by 2 cm. The boards will simply protrude slightly beyond the support. Their thickness should be at least 2.5 cm. If it is planned to install risers, the boards for them should be well sanded. To support the gait, you can use a material with a thickness of about 2 cm.
Railings are also made from quality solid. The surface will need to be sanded. It is unacceptable that on the surface of the handrails there should be bumps, badass. Balusters are also chosen in accordance with the style of the room. They can have a different shape.
Design installation
Considering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor, you need to pay attention to the installation of the entire structure. After preparing all the details, they need to be assembled into a single system. First you need to firmly fix the kosour. They should not stagger. To do this, you need to install a supporting beam on the floor, on which the base of the stairs will rest. In the beam on the second floor you need to make cutouts for installing the kosour. Structural elements must be secured with anchors.
When the braids are installed, their position is checked using the building level. Next, the risers are installed (if they are provided for in the design). They are fixed with screws and corners. On the installed riser, lay a gait. Boards are fixed with self-tapping screws. Next, the second riser is laid, and on it is a gait. Installation begins from the bottom of the stairs, gradually moving up.
After that, balusters are installed on the steps. A railing is mounted on them. Fixation must also be tight. After that, all surfaces are ground, varnished. The steps should not be smooth. They are finished with different materials. You can lay a carpet on them. You can also use special strips of rubber or metal. They prevent slipping.
Knowing how to make a staircase to the second floor, you can independently build a beautiful, strong and durable structure. By performing a careful calculation of all the details, you can increase the comfort and safety of operation of this interior.