Vanino port (on the map given in the article, you can see its location) is a Russian seaport of federal significance. It is located in the Khabarovsk Territory, in the deep bay of Vanin. It is the second seaport of the Far Eastern basin of Russia in terms of cargo turnover - more than 20 million tons.
general information
The Vanino district was formed as an independent territorial unit within the Khabarovsk Territory in 1973 according to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. It incorporates the northwestern part of the Sovetsko-Gavansky district, which was previously part of the Primorsky Territory. What were the prerequisites for separating it into a separate administrative-territorial unit? This is explained by the rapid economic growth of this region in the early seventies of the last century. One of the accompanying factors was the sea port of Vanino. Already in 1983, cargo handling volumes reached a little less than nine million tons. The entire load fell on the port of Vanino (photo, given in the article) and on the railway junction. Compared with 1973, cargo handling volumes doubled. Noticeable shifts occurred in the woodworking and forestry industries. So, with the commissioning of the Tumninsky timber industry enterprise and the Koshinsky timber processing plant, the total harvesting volume reached one million cubic meters per year. The port of Vanino also kept pace and was constantly evolving; it opened its own well-equipped ferry and container terminal. And with the completion of the construction of the railway (Baikal-Amur), Russia opens a reliable exit to the Pacific Ocean. The port of Vanino becomes the eastern gate of our country.
Communications
This port with a sea ferry railway serves the delivery of goods to several coastal destinations: Sakhalin, Arctic, Magadan, Kamchatka, Vladivostok, Kuril Islands and other ports of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. In addition, goods are transported from here to the Asia-Pacific countries (China, Korea, Japan and others), the USA, Australia, Canada, India, etc. Vanino port is one of the top ten ports in our country in terms of cargo transportation.
Tourism
Vaninsky district is promising not only in terms of transport infrastructure. This region is also interesting from the perspective of the development of the tourism industry. Attractive for holidaymakers are the variety of attractions, the rich nature of the area, the culture and traditions of indigenous peoples. In addition, there is a source of thermal radon waters - Tumninsky Goryachiy Klyuch. It is located in a unique place - the beautiful valley of the Chope River.
The following protected natural areas are located on the territory of the district: biological reserves (Mopau and Tumninsky), fishery reserves (Tumninsky and Khutinsky), a natural monument of regional significance ("Stone Grove").
Mineral-underground waters
Goryachiy Klyuch National Natural Park is located on the territory of the Northern and Tumninsky forestries. It is located ten kilometers from Tumin station, which is located on the Khabarovsk-Vanino line. The absolute height of this area is 280 meters above sea level. In terms of its quality indicators, the source (water temperature + 41 degrees Celsius) is close to the thermal waters of the Belokurikha resort.
Under state protection
In accordance with the resolution of the head of the administration of the Khabarovsk Territory dated January 20, 1997 No. 7 “On Specially Protected Natural Territories of the Khabarovsk Territory”, Toki Island, which is located in the Tatar Strait, is included in the list of protected natural sites of local significance. It is interesting in that there is a rookery of seals. Many tourists come here to enjoy these pinniped animals.
Excluding fish sanctuaries with protected forest belts on their shores, the total area of ​​forbidden natural territories in this region exceeds 215 thousand hectares. There are unique places where the fauna of the south and north, east and west, present and past mixed together. One such place is the Tumin River Basin. Here you can meet unique rocky landscapes, glades with rare and exotic vegetation, interesting channels and backwaters.
District Center
Vanino is an administrative center with a population of about twenty thousand people. It arose on the site of the Oroch camp. In the village there is a House of Culture, two hotels and two clinics, a network of restaurants, cafes and shops. Vanino has its own picture gallery, printing house, television station, local history museum, two newspapers are published, a local radio and television studio, four schools, a vocational technical school, technical school and institute are working. Today's regional center and seaport form a single whole - they cannot exist without each other.
Short story
Vanino Bay was opened in May 1853 by members of the Amur expedition. In the period from 1854 to 1901, this region was studied by various Russian scientists. The bay got its name in 1878 in honor of the cartographer V.K. Vanin. The history of the formation of the region is rich in various transformations. First, the Far Eastern Republic was divided into separate provinces, then the Sovetsko-Orochsky district with its center in Ust-Orochi stood out from Primorsky Krai, then another division and reorganization resulted in the formation of the Vaninsky and Sovetsko-Gavansky districts.
Geographic data
Vaninsky district is located in the east of the Khabarovsk Territory. It occupies an area between 138.5 and 141 degrees east longitude and 49 and 51 degrees north latitude. It is located on the shores of the Tatar Strait, and here is the port of Vanino. The total area of ​​the district is 25 thousand square kilometers. The eastern border runs along the shelf of the Tatar Strait, and the western border - along the central ridge of the Sikhote-Alin massif. In the south, it borders with the Soviet-Havana region, and in the north - with Ulchsky. Its area is comparable with such states as Israel, Belgium or Albania. The climate in the Vanino district is monsoon, characterized by high humidity, frequent fogs in the summer, and dry in the winter. The average annual rainfall is 700 mm, of which 75% is rain and 25% is snow. The average annual air temperature is 22 degrees, the average January temperature is minus 27 degrees.
Nature and natural resources
In the river and sea waters of the region, the total area of ​​which is 22 thousand square kilometers, many fish species are found, such as navaga, flounder, pollock, herring, smelt, pelengas, grayling, char, malma, taimen, and kumja. In addition, there are also passing salmon breeds: sim, pink salmon and chum salmon. There are ten rivers in the region, the largest are the Khugu (its length is 230 kilometers) and Tumnin (length is 400 kilometers).
The fauna of this region is rich and diverse. So, in the forests of the Vaninsky district, there are wild boar and wild animals: reindeer, moose, bears, wild boars, squirrels, hares, sable, hazel grouse, capercaillie. Local forests are also rich in berries; lingonberries, blueberries, blackberries, and honeysuckle grow here. In addition, there are a lot of mushrooms and cedar trees.
Forest resources of the region are the most important component of its economy. It belongs to multi-forest regions with 2.5 million hectares of forest stands. Timber reserves are estimated at 224.8 million cubic meters.