Motion sensors for lighting are quite different in design. First of all, it should be noted that today there are many photocells for these devices. Ultimately, they set their sensor parameters. Also, models differ from each other in sensitivity. This is due to the fact that the amplifiers are installed on them of different power. It is quite difficult to assemble the sensor yourself, however, if you select all the elements and stick to the circuit, you can do it.
Standard wiring diagram
The standard model connection scheme involves the use of a modulation photocell. In this case, transistors are used most often of the diode type. The lamp in this case should be located near the amplifier. The bandwidth depends on the type of capacitor. Amplifiers, as a rule, are installed pulse type. However, integrated modifications can also be found in our time. The tracking accuracy of a device ultimately depends on many factors. This primarily concerns the type of filter that is designed to suppress interference. Additionally, a modulator is installed in the sensors, which can vary in parameters.
Magnetic photocell model
To assemble this type of motion sensors to turn on the light yourself (the diagram is shown below), first of all, you need to choose a housing for the device. After that, the lamp is installed directly. Next, it is important to prepare a cartridge. This element can only be connected after the modulator. For this purpose, it is necessary for him to establish a site. In this case, the block can be fixed in the housing with screws.
After connecting the modulator, a feed-through capacitor is installed. Its capacity for high stabilization of the sensor should not exceed 4 pF. Otherwise, the bandwidth will be significantly reduced. Diffusers are used to connect the device to the network. In total, they should have three contacts. One of them is intended for grounding. Ultimately, the inclusion of light through a motion sensor can be carried out remotely.
The use of broadband photocells
These type of motion sensors add up to turn on the light with your own hands quite simply. First of all, it is standard to prepare the housing for the lamp. In this case, for this element the place will be allocated separately. Directly, the board must not touch the surface of the case. The unit is fastened most often with screws. Diffusers in this case are used as standard on three contacts. In this connection can be made to the network through the amplifier.
Transistors in this situation can be used induction type. However, it should be borne in mind that the sensitivity of the sensor will be low. Also in this situation, you can use resistor transistors. Their bandwidth can reach up to 5 microns. In this case, the voltage on the bulb will be exactly 5 V.
Dipole Resistor
You can assemble this type of motion sensors to turn on the light with your own hands, if you pick up a high-quality photocell. To increase sensitivity, many experts advise using magnetic counterparts. Nowadays, they are in great demand. Capacitors in this situation, it is advisable to select the emitter type. The threshold frequency parameter will be at 44 Hz. All this will allow the voltage to apply 5 V.
However, in this situation, the type of amplifier should be considered. If it is used in a network type, it is better to install capacitors near the integrated solar cell. On average, their capacitance is not more than 9 pF. In general, the specified type of motion sensors to turn on the light, consumer reviews are positive.
Using Selective Capacitors
To assemble this type of motion sensors to turn on the light with your own hands, you need to pick up a plastic case for the photocell. In this case, the lamp should be separate. Transistors for this model are suitable integral type. They must be installed in a row with the amplifier. In this case, you can select a network type. Directly, the capacitor should be located above the photocell.
The model is connected as standard through a diffuser. In this case, the first contact should go to the anode, and the second to the cathode. The accuracy of the instrument tracking in this situation depends solely on the power of the amplifier. In addition, it should be noted that photocells are more suitable for this than the magnetic type. If you use the integral analog, the load on the capacitors will be quite large. Failures can also occur in the transistor.
Super Sensitive Models
You can assemble this type of motion sensors to turn on the light with your own hands, if you select a high-quality photocell in advance. Many experts in this case are advised to give preference to magnetic analogues. Their sensitivity is at the level of 55 microns. It should also be noted that the amplifier must be installed with a threshold frequency at around 30 Hz. All this is necessary in order to remove the load from the capacitors. There are two transistors for the device. One of them must be located at the diffuser. The permeability parameter of it largely depends on the power of the amplifier. The light bulb in this case can be used as usual.
Modifications with reduced sensitivity
With reduced sensitivity, how to make motion sensors to turn on the light? Answering this question, one should know that in such a situation, photocells are more appropriate to select radiation. The sensitivity parameter in them is on average 20 Ξm. It is also important to note that the amplifiers in the devices use the most diverse. In this situation, it is necessary that the level of negative resistance in the circuit does not exceed 11 ohms.
Otherwise, the resistors quickly burn out. Connecting the device can only be through a diffuser. As a rule, it is installed with a zener diode. Thanks to this, small voltage drops in the house are not terrible for the device. It should also be noted that it is important to select capacitors with a high capacity.
Modifications with membrane amplifier
These motion sensors for turning on the light (the connection diagram is shown below) are very popular today. If you believe the reviews of people, then they are installed quite simply. First of all, you should clean the external contacts. For this purpose, it is necessary to remove the diffuser cover. After that, the first contact is selected and connected to the output cable. Next you need to connect the ground. If we talk about the sensor, the membrane amplifier in the device significantly increases the threshold frequency parameter. Solar cells for him are suitable for almost all types. However, many experts advise installing integral capacitors. In this case, they can serve quite a lot.
Resistors deserve special attention. Some people use modular ones when assembling the device. However, in this case, the negative resistance parameter in the sensor will be approximately 6 ohms. On a photocell, this load is considered quite large. To solve this problem, you should pay attention to two-row resistors. In total, they will need two for the device. The first should be installed near the photocell. In this case, the second is often located for better conductivity behind the amplifier.
Application of dielectric resistors
Nowadays, this type of motion sensors to turn on the light (the connection diagram is shown below) are quite rare. Photocells are most often installed radiation. However, some manufacturers produce models with magnetic counterparts. To assemble the sensor yourself, you should prepare register capacitors. It is important to install resistors behind the amplifier.
The sensitivity level of the sensor depends on the power of the zener diode. The device is connected via a diffuser. It is most often installed on three contacts. First of all, the device is connected through the anode. After that, it is important to check the grounding. During normal operation of the device, the level of negative resistance does not exceed 40 Ohms.
Use of absorbent filters
With absorbing filters, there are various sensitivity motion sensors for turning on the light with your own hands. How to make a model yourself? When answering this question, you should know that devices of this type are assembled only on the basis of a radiation photocell. However, the modulator is fixed first. For high sensitivity, it is selected series P20. It should also be noted that the resistors for the device are suitable only for the vector type. Their patency depends not only on the photocell, but also on the amplifier.
Power supplies for the device are selected on average by 20 V. In this case, conventional incandescent lamps can be used. Cartridge for them can be purchased in many stores. Directly filters in devices play the role of absorbers. In this case, low-frequency interference is eliminated. This element must be placed near the capacitor. In the end, it should be noted that these motion sensors are often installed to turn on the light in the entrance.