Shipping regulations. How do ships diverge at sea?

So that the ships do not collide at a meeting, they must adhere to special rules that take into account the heterogeneity of the movable stream. On the high seas, vehicles travel in accordance with international regulations. The movement of ships on inland waterways is determined by the official document of each country. Consider the features of their movement in order to understand how ships diverge at sea.

Internal rules

Sea traffic includes various types of ships. Among them are pushers, tankers, tugboats, passenger, cargo and auxiliary units. All of them differ from each other in speed of movement, dimensions and other characteristics.

In order to prevent accidents on the inland sea routes, vehicles move in accordance with the established rules of navigation. In Russia, this is the "Rules for Navigation on the Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation." An official document has legal force, therefore, persons violating it are liable for administrative, material or criminal nature. The provisions of the law apply to crews of ships that move along inland sea routes, as well as to floating structures crossing large lakes and estuaries of large rivers.

Main sections

"Rules for Navigation on the Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation" consist of several parts.

1. General Provisions - Introduction.
2. Means used to identify ships.
3. The use of alarms (visual, sound, night running, parking, daytime, special).
4. Traffic rules.
5. Parking Rules.

Depending on the type of vessel, the following types of lights are used: top (including additional), right, left, stern suspension, tow. The main distress signals are: a cannon shot, continuous sound, a rocket, an SOS signal on a radiotelephone, smoke.

Maneuvering Rules

The law of the Russian Federation explains in detail how ships diverge at sea. The document contains the following order of shipping movement.

1. In the area where two-way traffic is provided, the seagoing vessel must follow the right lane. If this is not possible, it must adhere to the axis of the ship's course.
2. Marine vehicles are not allowed to cross the lane in order to approach the parking lot if the distance from the approaching ship is less than 1 km.
3. When a floating structure is directed upwards, upon detection of an oncoming vehicle, it must coordinate its actions with it in advance using radio communication channels. Also, he needs to submit a go-ahead (conventional sign) from the port side.
4. High-speed vehicles at a meeting should go to the port side. The conventional sign is served by the vessel following the upward direction.
5. Overtaking one vehicle by another is carried out on the port side of the vessel, which is being overtaken. But the latter should be warned in advance about the upcoming maneuver with the help of a marine location, after which it reduces speed until overtaking is completed.
6. With the simultaneous movement of marine vehicles towards each other in the area on which one-way traffic is provided, the ship following up must pass the ship sailing down.

To navigate well in space, captains and crews must know the naval position - the features of a particular area: physical-geographical, navigational and others.

Rules for admission to management

To drive a marine vehicle, the candidate must have an appropriate education diploma, certificate and other documents confirming the right to drive a particular ship. A sailor must know the basics of navigation and have appropriate physical training. The position of captain requires the appropriate experience and skills of a leader to manage the crew. The commander of the ship should know the sea charts of ship traffic well.

Supervision of compliance with internal rules is carried out by the Inspectorate for the Safety of Navigation, as well as the River Shipping Service.

What do the rules prohibit?

The Russian law on inland navigation explains how ships diverge at sea. These rules must be observed by all participants in the marine transport stream. An official document lists prohibited maneuvers. Among them:

1. Divergence of vehicles and overtaking in the place where the emergency or repair fence is located, ferry crossing. You can not overtake at the entrance to the gateways.
2. The movement of vehicles that do not have radar stations.
3. Approaching rowing, motor boats and sports yachts to transport vessels or crossing their course.
4. Rowing in the immediate vicinity of passing ships.

International regulations

They must be followed by all vehicles in the open seas. Internal regulations of the Russian Federation take into account international shipping requirements. Consider how ships diverge at sea according to international standards.

1. If the ships diverge, it is necessary to change course to the right and reduce speed. When the ships diverge on the high seas, a course change of 30-90 degrees is permissible.
2. When approaching floating structures with a mechanical engine, which are on opposite courses, each of them chooses a path of movement using additional indicative signals of maneuvering. In this situation, none of the ships has an advantage: they are not obliged to give way to each other. Vehicles move around and make decisions when assessing the traffic situation.
3. A sailing vessel following the left voice gives way to a vessel sailing with the right voice.
4. The overtaking vehicle should sail away from the overtaking object, avoiding excessive proximity to it.