When a child turns 3 years old, his parents begin to think about choosing a suitable kindergarten. In order to better understand all the pros and cons of various preschool institutions, you need to find out what types of kindergartens are divided. Many, for example, do not know, a compensatory kind of kindergarten - what it is and how to send your child there, if necessary.
Classification of kindergartens
Preschool education institutions can be divided by governing body or by specialization. According to the first sign, kindergartens are divided into:
- departmental;
- municipal;
- private
- homework.
By specialization, preschool institutions are divided into:
- general developmental;
- development centers;
- garden compensating view;
- kindergarten of a combined type;
- Wellness kindergartens.
A kindergarten of a compensating type differs from other types of similar institutions in that children with disabilities need it, but this will be mentioned below.
Types of gardens by governing body
Municipal kindergartens are ordinary district preschool institutions, in which classes with children are carried out strictly according to preschool education programs . They include the acquaintance of the child with what surrounds him, various kinds of developmental games, teaching visual arts, correct pronunciation, as well as physical exercises. Compensatory kindergarten refers specifically to municipal institutions.
In departmental kindergartens, children are divided into 2 groups: in one there are those whose stay there is paid by the company where the child’s father or mother works, and in the second group, those for whom the parents pay. In these kindergartens, the conditions for children are somewhat better than in municipal ones, but their cost is usually higher. Another feature is the lack of a parenting program established by state bodies.
Private and home gardens
An even more expensive option is private kindergartens. since the cost of such kindergartens is considerable, the level of services is naturally higher. Firstly, this is explained by the smaller number of children in groups, which allows the educator to devote more time to everyone, and secondly, the range of services provided in these institutions is much wider than in those kindergartens mentioned above.
Home kindergartens are very different from other types of similar institutions in that if in ordinary kindergartens, education takes place according to a strictly regulated program and is controlled by the relevant authorities, then in kindergarten there is no such control. Not only is only one person watching the children, he also prepares food for them and chooses what the child will be doing. But if the teacher is a professional in his field, then there are more pluses than minuses, because in the group, as a rule, there are about five children, which allows an individual approach.
Types of institutions divided by specialization
General developmental kindergartens are intended for babies who do not have any developmental disabilities and are aimed at the formation of intellectual abilities, moral and aesthetic qualities. Development centers differ from other preschool institutions primarily in their focus on the diverse development of the individual. As a rule, these are institutions with specially equipped rooms, such as game classes, computer audiences, and many other complexes. Combined - these are the types of kindergartens that combine the previous two types of institutions.
There is such a kind as kindergartens of ethnocultural orientation. In addition to the general developmental program, there are classes aimed at developing a culture of interethnic relations. This is necessary primarily in the multinational regions of the country. Special attention should be paid to this type of institution, such as a compensating type kindergarten. What does such a name mean and how does such a garden differ from other gardens?
Compensatory Kindergartens
When a child has some deviations in physical or mental development, you should give it to a specialized kindergarten. Since these are unusual gardens, you can get there by going through a certain procedure. But the efforts are worth it, because in these institutions training programs are developed taking into account the developmental disabilities that the child has. Many parents do not understand that their child needs a kindergarten of a compensating type, that this will help him cope with the ailment that they consider to be a minor deviation from the norm.
What children need compensating gardens
There are kindergartens for frequently ill children. From the name it is clear what contingent of children is brought up there. Before sending a child to institutions of this type, it is necessary to reduce him to a pediatrician who will determine whether the baby really needs special care or not. The decision is made on the basis of counting the number of diseases of the preschooler over the past year.
In addition, special care is needed for children with speech and mental retardation, musculoskeletal disorders, poor eyesight and hearing, so a compensatory kind of kindergarten is just what such children need. For referral to specialized kindergartens, it is necessary to show the child to a specific doctor, whose specialization depends on the violation of the baby.
How to get to a specialized kindergarten
Few people know that it is not so easy to go to a kindergarten of a compensating type, that this is a strictly regulated procedure, for which you need to undergo a child’s examination first by a doctor (orthopedist, neurologist, optometrist - it depends on what kind of violation is observed in the baby), and then already with a certificate to visit PMPK - psychological, medical and pedagogical commission. These specialists decide whether to send the child to the garden of a compensating type or not. With the conclusion issued by the commission, you can already go directly to the head of the preschool institution.
If in an ordinary kindergarten, as in school, a reference is made to an average child, and weak children have to exert too much effort to achieve at least some result, then specialized institutions provide the conditions that are necessary for a child with a specific violation.
The main purpose of specialized gardens
If in a general developing kindergarten a child is given certain skills and abilities that help him develop, then a compensating kind of kindergarten is primarily the presence of a program aimed at correcting a specific disease. After such a pre-school institution, a child is usually sent to a correctional school, where correction of his violation continues. Thus, the main purpose of this type of kindergarten is to adapt the baby to the environment, so that in the future, in adulthood, he can function at the level of the average person.
The advantage of kindergartens of this kind is that defectologists working with specially developed programs deal with children, ensuring the development of the child, taking into account his lack. Having learned about the compensating kind of kindergarten, what it is and how to send your child there (if necessary, of course), the parent must understand that a special attitude to the child should be maintained at home.