If you have to work with a wet area where it is supposed to carry out the construction of a house, then there is a need to pre-drain the territory. It is important to think over the course of excavation and select the necessary equipment, having familiarized yourself with the technology, which involves the installation of a drainage pipe.
If there is water accumulated in the soil, then certain difficulties may arise that impede work. To eliminate problems, you first have to pump out the liquid using a hand pump. Soil water should not be left without attention, because without drainage the top layer of soil will be destroyed.
Features of ring drainage
The ring type drainage system is a closed circuit, which provides a reduction in water level due to drainage. The appearance of the drains will be a branched network in the form of tree roots. The costs associated with the installation of such a system will be increased due to the need to use large quantities of consumables. Not the least role in increasing the budget is played by the pipes themselves.
Reservoir drainage is suitable for an area that is only slightly flooded with water. This technology is also relevant for the case when there is little water. In this case, work will be carried out by the method of creating two layers, one gravel and the second - sand. Together, the materials will form a formation that passes water well. It is important to dig a trench with a slope of 3 cm by 1 m.
Preparation of materials
Before proceeding with the installation of the drainage pipe, you must select the materials. Among them are the following:
- crushed stone;
- sand;
- trays;
- a shovel;
- geotextiles.
Coarse gravel is suitable for work, however, material with medium-sized grains can also be used. It will exclude the penetration of dirt and large particles of soil. If necessary, crushed stone can be replaced with gravel, its particles can have a diameter of 20 to 40 mm. Sand should be obtained from the riverbank. It should be large and will be used when installing trays. Even with sharp temperature fluctuations, the sand will retain its shape, which is why it becomes an integral part of the drainage system.
Trays can be plastic or concrete. With their help, you can eliminate the shedding of soil into the trench. The upper part of the system must be covered with plastic grating plates, which are necessary for filtering debris.
The main components of the system
Installation of a drainage pipe involves the use of finely perforated geotextiles. He will not allow pollution of drains with soil. Geotextiles can be represented by dornite or non-woven. The main advantages of these materials are excellent filtering ability and high strength.
For work, you will also need drainage pipes, which can be designed for a sewer device. You can use polymer products. In the first case, it will be necessary to drill holes in the walls for the passage of water. Suitable for installation and asbestos-cement pipes, the diameter of which varies from 50 to 80 mm.
Pipe connection can be carried out by couplings. They should be enough, so the quantity should be determined in advance. If a ring system will be arranged, then tees-fittings and crosses should be prepared.
To clean the drainage system during operation, it will be necessary to install inspection wells. A collector well is provided for collecting water from the system. In those areas where it is quite problematic to place pipes so that water flows under the force of gravity, a drainage pump is installed. The installation of the drainage pipe involves the preparation of a pickaxe, a wheelbarrow for transporting sand and gravel, as well as shovels and bayonet shovels.
Linear system installation instructions
This type of drainage will collect and transport water through the ditches to the collector. When constructing the ditches, you must ensure that they are better filled with rainwater. To do this, both sides should be inclined, the angle will be 30 °. When installing drainage in an open system, the ditches should have a slope directed to the place of collection of all the water.
Although the work is not difficult, the life of such a system will be short-lived, because the walls will be destroyed. In order to avoid such problems, when laying pipes, you must first dig a trench and fill it with crushed stone. It should have large and small fractions. Above the trench will be covered with turf. You can mount the trays in the next step.
Trench work
Installation of drainage pipes for drainage of groundwater is carried out in a trench. Sand is poured into it with a layer of 15 cm. A layer of fine gravel is lined up on top of which a drainage pipe is laid, covered with a layer of coarse gravel. Next is a layer of geotextiles, which should have an overlap between the canvases. Coarse sand will become the next layer.
The trench should be half filled with these layers, while the second half should be filled with the soil mixture to which clay is added. The surface is covered with black soil. It is important to take into account the level of groundwater occurrence, because the depth of pipe laying will depend on this parameter. When installing a drainage pipe with geotextiles with your own hands, you will need to connect the elements using fittings in the form of tees. They are placed in a two-layer non-woven material to prevent the penetration of sand. The ends of the pipes should also be wrapped with geotextile and strengthened with wire.
Description of plastic drainage
Installation of a drainage pipe, the description of which will be presented below, you can do it yourself. If we are talking about plastic products, they will be distinguished by increased strength, so they allow laying to a depth of 10 m. Polymer pipes are ready to last at least 50 years. Their connection is easy to do on their own.
It is very simple to transport such drains, as well as to mount, load and unload, because they differ in low weight. For cutting pipes from plastic there is no need to use a special tool. Coconut fiber material should be used to prevent clogging of the system by soil particles.
Laying drainage pipes may include the use of products of different diameters. The most common parameters are 150 and 300 mm. The former are used for systems that divert a small amount of water. As for the larger diameter, it is used in the case of a drainage device operating with increased load. A more impressive section is suitable for trunk lines, while a smaller one is suitable for branches.
Before installing the drainage pipe with geotextiles, you should select products that can be single or double layer. The second option is more durable and suitable for installation in heavy soils. Rigid and flexible drains can be found on sale, the last of which are designed for the installation of simple systems.
Which pipe to choose - corrugated or smooth, with or without sheath
If the network will have a huge number of turns and branches, it is better to prefer flexible pipes. Corrugated and smooth are also offered in a large assortment, the former are more durable. Pipes may be sheathed. The choice of a particular species will depend on the quality of the soil. If the soil is crushed stone, then pipes without a shell can be used, but pipes wrapped with geotextiles are better for sandy soil. If clay is present on the site, then pipes with a coir filter will be an excellent choice.
How to avoid mistakes
If you want to install the drain pipe correctly, it is important to try to avoid mistakes. For example, pipes without a filter are not suitable for loamy soils. Be sure to withstand their bias. To install the prefab well, you need to choose a place. During operation, water must be removed from it in a timely manner.
Finally
Drainage systems are an integral element of the territory where the house is built on the soil with excess moisture. When installing such a system, it is important to correctly design the scheme and perform pipe laying, taking into account the technology. If mistakes are made during installation, this will cause the water to not be completely discharged from the foundation, and the efficiency of the system will be reduced.
Drains are also needed in the area where the relief is changed. If the area has artificial hills or the territory has been leveled, a system for removing excess water is simply necessary. It is arranged even if a building with a basement is being built on the territory.