Sewage discharge is a fairly common question in the construction of houses. First of all, I want to know how to organize the system so that the water does not flood the foundation and facade. However, it should not fall on the heads of random passers-by. A fairly simple answer can be given to all these questions: it is necessary to carry out the installation of drains. The instructions below will help you avoid many problems during the installation process.
Selection of materials
This should be done before the installation of the roof and gutters is carried out. In this case, it is necessary to make measurements and make calculations. The lead system may consist of metal or PVC elements. Next, we consider them in more detail.
Galvanized Steel Features
Such a system is considered the cheapest option. It is she who is most often used by housing and communal organizations. In most cases, the galvanized system is badly damaged. This is due to the frequent clearing of the roof from icicles, ice and snow. If scrap is to be used, galvanized steel is a more economical option.
Most popular options
It is worth noting that the installation of gutters with their own hands using elements made of galvanized steel is very rare in private construction. In most such cases, the following materials are used:
- Polymer coated metal elements.
- Plastic.
- Painted metal.
The copper drain is able to give the house a special charm. However, it is most often used in elite construction and on the corresponding roofs. A metal system with a polymer coating should be selected taking into account the tone of the facade or roof. This system is not at all afraid of frost. However, it is worth noting that thanks to it, noise is created. Metal lead elements are used in those houses that have a roof made of similar material. Installation of plastic gutters is advisable to carry out when flexible tiles are used as a coating .
Gutter systems
Installation of elements should be carried out by technology. The reliability and security of the roof depends on this. For home, you can use the internal or external design. In regions where a harsh climate prevails, it is recommended to use the first option. In addition, the installation of internal drains can be carried out on flat roofs. In this case, a slope is equipped. It should be directed towards the internal receiving funnel.
Key Installation Features
Installation of drainpipes indoors has its own nuances. First of all, you need to observe the distance from the walls.
DIY installation of gutters involves the use of the following elements:
- connectors for system revision;
- collector;
- pipeline;
- receiving funnel.
Precipitation of this system enters the storm sewer. It is required to comply with SNIP 2.04.01-85. Installation of the gutter with an outside type of DIY is done if storm drainage is not provided in the house. It is also worth paying attention to ensure that moisture does not erode nearby territory. Installation of gutters with their own hands is carried out according to plan. It must be prepared before the arrangement of the roof. Many begin to install gutters with their own hands when the construction and decoration of the house is completed. In fact, this approach is wrong.
Structural elements
The gutter outdoor system consists of the following three parts:
The latter is fastened with hooks or brackets. The pipe is mounted using pins with clamps.
Types of gutters
In most cases, such gutters are made of galvanized steel. There are alternatives to this option. It is a complete roof drainage system. Currently, it is widely offered by modern manufacturers. In the case of the choice of the second option, there is no need for independent production of gutters. You can buy plastic or metal structures that have a different cross section:
- semicircular;
- trapezoidal;
- rectangular.
Features of the calculation of the drain
You can start this after the final selection of materials. The calculation of the system is required, which consists of the following elements:
- drainpipes (with mounting brackets and couplings);
- bends and turns for gutters;
- drainage funnel;
- gutter (with mounting brackets and couplings).
Important points
First of all, it is necessary to take into account the roof area. This is an indicator of the choice of the number of funnels and the diameter of the trough. The complexity of the roof structure also affects this factor. Accurate calculations are recommended to be entrusted to specialists. However, you can cope with this task yourself. In this case, it is necessary to take into account all the recommendations.
Preliminary calculations
For small buildings (the area of which is up to 70 sq. M), pipes with a diameter of up to 75 mm and gutters up to 120 mm are required. The average roof size is up to 110 square meters. m. Large buildings (the roof area of which is more than 110 sq. m) suggest the presence of gutters up to 200 mm wide. In this case, the cross section of the pipe can reach 160 mm. The recommended slope of the gutters in the system is up to 5 mm per 1 m.
Installation
It is best to start installation before the process of laying the roof. However, the reverse option is used quite often. First of all, the brackets are fastened to the rafter system or the windshield. Depending on the material, their distance is calculated. In some cases, additional brackets are required for corners and funnels. You must not forget about the bias. Then you need to pull the rope. The existing two points are used to the next edge of the roof. Thus, it will be very convenient to navigate. After that, gutters are hung on the hooks of the brackets. They are located in the center of the roof cut.
Work algorithm
Do-it-yourself installation of plastic gutters is done by cold welding and with rubber seals. Special sealants are also very often used during installation. After that, the installation of overflow funnels. Special holes are cut out on the gutters. The top of the funnel is lubricated with glue. After that, it connects to the gutter. Installation of plastic gutters with their own hands is carried out in compliance with a certain distance from the wall. It is up to 10 cm. In this case, the installation of the brackets is carried out after 2 meters. Also included are pipe junction points.
Gutter heating installation
The installation of such a system can significantly increase the life of the lead elements. If you do not install it, ice will form under the influence of temperature changes in the gutters. It significantly increases the mechanical load on the mounting brackets of pipes and other elements. Thus, the service life of the entire drainage system is significantly reduced. In the most advanced cases, facade elements are destroyed and roof leaks occur. Installation of heating cables is a must. Due to this, ice will not form on the elements of the drainage system. Other places where there is a high probability of its occurrence are also protected. In addition, the heating cable improves the performance of the drain during the entire snowy season. As a rule, during thaws, outside temperatures fluctuate in the following range: -5 ... + 3 degrees. Thus, favorable conditions are created for the formation of icicles and ice. In most cases, special heating systems and temperature sensors are installed on heating cables. Thanks to them, the system works automatically.
Choosing a place for styling
The heating cable is installed in the following areas:
- endovy (lines of joints of roofing slopes);
- eaves of roofs;
- drainage and drainage trays;
- funnels and zones around them;
- storm sewer pipes;
- gutters of the drain.
Cable related calculations
The minimum linear power of this element is up to 30 watts. In accordance with the length of the drain, it should grow up to 70 W / m. The cables must be equipped with residual current circuit breakers. During the design of the heating system, the length of the horizontal structural elements and valleys is calculated. This also applies to the number and height of the drainpipes.
Cable Management Features
This element is necessarily combined with the heating system of the roof.
The design of the drain includes the following elements:
- Power Distribution Systems.
- Control panel with protective automation.
- Temperature controller or weather station.
- Heating sections.
When installing the system, it is required to locate the cable directly in the place of water flow. For beginners, this task may seem difficult. The fact is that holes cannot be made in the drainage system.