Management is a function or element of organized systems (social, biological, technical, and so on) that well ensures the implementation of the activity regime, the preservation of their structure, the fulfillment of the purpose of the activity and program. The subject of management science is management relations, where social, economic, political interests and relations, management methods and technologies are manifested. And the objects of management are sectors (agriculture, industry); aspects of economic activity (marketing, product quality); territorial communities (district, region); types of resources (human, financial); stages of reproduction (marketing, supply); production characteristics (quality of life, efficiency).
Management has its own functions. There are only eleven of them. Initially, goal-setting occurs, then analysis, then forecasting, then planning, followed by organization, then coordination, followed by motivation, then training, the next function is accounting and control, followed by communication and, finally, decision making. All these functions are mutually complementary and closely related. But planning as the main management function is of great importance.
It is known that management is a process of interrelated functions. And the main link in this chain is planning as a management function. A plan is nothing more than an official document. It reflects the forecast of the future development of the organization, there are always not only intermediate, but also final tasks, as well as the goals that face her or her individual units. The plan always reflects the coordination mechanisms of all current activities, the strategy for the most unexpected cases.
Planning as a management function - building an action plan for the future. With it, the sequence and content of steps that should lead to the intended goal are determined, the intended final results are established. Planning as a function of production management has its own essence, which manifests itself in a clear specification of the goals of the further development of the entire enterprise and each of its units for a separately set period, in the competent definition of tasks and possible means of achieving them, as well as the established terms and a clear sequence of organization. With the help of planning, labor, material and financial resources are identified that will be needed to solve the tasks.
We can say with confidence that planning as a management function is the desire to take into account all external and internal factors in advance, which provide all favorable conditions for the normal development and functioning of enterprises within a particular organization.
Planning as a management function necessarily involves the development of a whole range of measures that defines a clear sequence of achieving goals.
There are several types of planning. The first is from the level achieved. This method is not intended to direct the team of the company to search for reserves, with which it would be possible to increase production efficiency. That is, as everything is now, so let it be next year.
The second type of planning is called optimal. It seeks to achieve higher outcomes. This method is more progressive. And the third view is adaptive planning. It allows a more flexible response to various changes in the external environment. That is, they can be taken into account in the planning process and more effectively adapted to them.