Every motorist has a used oil that is often disposed of or simply poured onto the ground. However, the same garage in winter can perfectly heat the furnace with used oil. The drawings and diagrams that will be presented here will visually reflect the principle of action and the materials necessary for its creation. Such a useful device can heat any room, and also works on waste.
Principle of operation of a waste oil furnace
Like any liquid fuel, firing during its combustion releases fumes, which are a source of increased thermal energy. The oil itself when burning cannot give such a temperature, it only creates the conditions for vaporization.
Therefore, home-made waste oil furnaces are divided into two compartments - lower and upper. The bottom burns with liquid oil. In the upper one, pairs that rise from the first compartment accumulate and burn. Thanks to this, the temperature rises, providing warmth to the room.
It is precisely because of this peculiarity of burning liquid fuel that a waste oil furnace is assembled from two elements, which are then connected. As for saturation with air, the lower part is provided with it only in order to maintain the combustion of the oil. But in the upper part they make the feed as strong as possible in order to create the maximum temperature in it. This principle ensures the full operation of the furnace, which is able to heat a room of any size.
Such home-made stoves for a garage or country houses are divided into three groups:
- In the first case, there are two varieties of heat supply. The room can be heated by water, which diverges through the system, or simply the heat from the stove will spread throughout the room. With water heating, the upper part of the furnace is equipped with a tank of water, which is heated and diverges through the pipes of the heating system. With normal room heating, the stove can be mobile, because no connections to the systems are required, you just need to remove the chimney.
- In the second case, home-made metal furnaces are equipped with a drip feed, which provides gradual burning of mining, this reduces fuel consumption. However, the mechanism of such a metered oil intake is very difficult to manufacture at home. They are made in factories using special technology.
- In the third case, the furnace can be naturally aspirated, this is the simplest option, in which there are no additional elements. But you can equip the design with forced air supply, so it will work more efficiently. In general, it all depends on the skill, the availability of the necessary materials and the area where such a home-made stove will be used.
The design of the furnace, which is easiest to make at home
The optimal design that any home craftsman can make in the yard or in his garage is a stove made of a gas cylinder or pipes of the required diameter. That is, the simplest version of the unit without forced air supply and drip oil supply. However, despite the simplicity of the design, if everything is done correctly, such a furnace will heat the necessary room for many years.
Such a design is the simplest, therefore, by its example, we will consider how to make a furnace with used oil yourself.
Of course, such an assembly can also be made of steel sheets, this will require a lot of labor and tools for bending metal, for example, into a pipe. Therefore, it is better to make from recycled materials - cylinders or finished pipes.
Procedure for the production of a gas cylinder furnace
First of all, you need to twist the valve from the cylinder so that all the gas that could remain inside is released from it. Then, for the safety of further work, you need to pour water into it. After that, with the help of a grinder, the top of the cylinder is cut off, in shape resembling a hemisphere. Then the bottom of the cylinder is also cut off. A home-made oil-fired oven is made in the order described above. This sequence ensures safe operation of the container, without fear that the residual gas detonates when it is cut.
Create a bottom camera
The next stage of work is the creation of the lower chamber of the furnace, where the oil will burn. It is made from the cut off upper and lower parts of the cylinder. They are simply connected together so that when the furnace is ready, the camera can be disassembled to clean it of soot and fuel residues. For this reason, the connection should not be dull. It is made on threads or bolts. When everything is ready, the design acquires a stand, because the section of the cylinder with the support, which was below, remains there and in the future will ensure the durability of the finished product.
The upper hemisphere also fits perfectly, it already has a hole into which, when burning oil, its vapor will rise to get into the upper chamber. They will pass through a perforated pipe, which is welded on top. Its diameter is 10 cm, length is 36 cm, and 48 holes each of 9 mm are drilled in it. They are designed to supply air to oil vapor. Such a mixture provides intense combustion, at which a huge temperature is released for heating the room. Drawings that will visually reflect all the nuances of its design will help to study the waste oil furnace. As practice shows, for a perforated pipe to provide a sufficient flow of air, 48 holes are needed.
Create top camera
When all the components of the lower part are assembled, an upper compartment is made in which the vapors and air will burn, providing heat. It is created from the remaining middle part of the container, the top and bottom of which will need to be welded with sheet metal circles. After they are cut out, a hole is made in the lower circle to connect to the perforated pipe, and in the upper circle to remove combustion products. Holes are cut in the side of the circles, but when welding the upper chamber, they must be positioned so that they are on different sides. This will allow lingering hot pairs, which will heat the space longer. And only after they give their thermal energy out through the chimney into the atmosphere.
Additional elements of the furnace
For more efficient consumption of mining, such home-made metal furnaces are equipped with a supply valve, thanks to which it is possible to regulate the air supply. It acts as a blower in a conventional oven. By adjusting it, you can make the mining flow more efficient.
In addition, the lower part can be equipped with a fitting that will supply oil gradually.
Tips for creating an oven
In order for home-made waste oil stoves to work well and be easy to maintain, it’s worthwhile to follow some recommendations when creating them.
The hemispheres of the lower combustion chamber must not be tightly welded. After all, it will be necessary to clean the furnace from carbon deposits. Therefore, this compartment must be disassembled for ease of maintenance. All other parts must be welded securely. The connection between the spheres can be threaded or bolted.
The chimney should be strictly vertical and be at least 4 meters - after all, such home-made heating stoves should have good traction. Otherwise, their efficiency is greatly reduced.
The perforated fitting must be located only vertically. Otherwise, there is a high probability that all the vapors that must be heated will immediately go into the atmosphere without giving proper heat. In addition, the stove will begin to smoke.
Oven Operation Tips
When operating improvised metal stoves, it is worth remembering the safety rules that allow you to conveniently and without any risk to yourself to use such an apparatus.
You need to periodically clean the soot from the chimney, do not wait until the stove starts to smoke or lose its previous efficiency.
Filling the bottom compartment with oil should be no more than one third. After all, if it is at least half full, when boiling, the oil can splash out through the perforated fitting.
When the oil begins to boil, it is necessary to trace this moment and adjust the valves. This will make the operation of the furnace stable, which, in turn, improves its operation in terms of reducing fuel consumption and at the same time raising the temperature.
Here, the principle of creation and the scheme of the furnace for waste oil, as well as what materials it is better and more convenient to make, are described in detail.
Create a drip fuel feed
Now, with regard to the drip fuel supply, which, as mentioned above, is very difficult to do. However, you can still, choosing the appropriate parts for this.
First of all, you need a filter that will clean the mining before it gets into the drip mechanism. After all, he is very sensitive to the slightest pollution. The selection of parts is quite painstaking, but if you make such an improvement, a home-made stove will become much more economical in terms of fuel consumption.
So, you need to install a car filter on the edge of the hose through which the oil flows. It must provide absolute filtration so that the mining is clean and cannot clog the drip mechanism. There are filters that only partially make the oil cleaner, they will not work. The filter has a metric thread, so finding a pipe on which to put it on is a rather difficult task. However, you can take a suitable fitting, put a piece of hose on it and insert it into the required hole on the filter. But it should be noted that such a cleaning, installed on a makeshift furnace from pipes or a cylinder, must be cleaned regularly, because with the slightest blockage the drip feed will stop working. Therefore, the filter needs to be constantly checked, and it is changed once a month.
Oil pump
Now for the pump, which will pump oil. GAZ 3102-40I from Volga is perfect. When there is oil inside it, it works hard, but the good thing is that there is a complete absence of excess pressure at the outlet. At the outlet of the injector there are more than 3 atmospheres. This pump shows itself with dignity, there is only one “but” - it is very productive. This is fearless because it is easily removable. The diagram illustrates the solution. Everything is assembled from tees, of which there are two, then there are three fittings, a nipple, as well as a part of the stud - it acts as an adjustment rod. After such refinement, this device, equipped in a homemade waste oil furnace, will work perfectly. Because the pump is able to pick up as much mining as the interior of the casing with the rod inside it allows. And all that remains is returned back.
A part of the dropper is put on the bottom fitting, and it will regulate the fuel supply. From there, the oil enters the funnel. The feed rate is regulated in such a way as to maintain stable combustion, and no more. If mining will be a little faster, then a home-made oil-fired stove will begin to smoke, and this, for obvious reasons, is undesirable.
The nuances of adjusting the drip feed
However, if you make too little oil flow into the furnace, the flame will go out. In general, it is worth finding a center that will provide the most productive combustion for the operation of the furnace. When changing the fuel settings also change, because they are heavily influenced by viscosity and temperature, which should be from 10 to 20 degrees. Also affect the properties of the oil itself, which is poured into the lower chamber. After all, the stove can work on all fuel and lubricants, and the drip mechanism is very picky about what is poured into it. For these reasons, it is always worthwhile to regulate this equipment for a specific oil, which gets into makeshift stoves for a garage or a summer residence.
Safety rules for handling the furnace while working
This design of the furnace can operate on any liquid fuel. However, flammable liquids such as acetone or gasoline should be avoided. It is best to use oil, it doesn’t flash so fast, therefore it is more predictable, and therefore safer.
A special place should be reserved for the furnace, where there are no drafts. After all, a random flow of air can dramatically increase the flame, and such differences are very dangerous from a safety point of view.
Using such home-made heating stoves, you need to carefully monitor that there are no combustible objects near it. For this reason, it is better to keep the space around the unit empty, this will allow you to keep everything under control.
Now, with regard to the serviceability and integrity of the product design. If at least the slightest crack or other defect is noticed in any compound, improvised waste oil stoves should never be used. After all, a mixture of air with oil vapor burns inside, this flame is very dangerous in uncontrolled conditions, moreover, it is much hotter than from ordinary wood. This is not to mention the fact that the stove may start to smoke due to a defect. Therefore, it is worth carefully monitoring the design, periodically inspecting the entire unit.
Everything about home-made waste oil stoves is detailed here. It is told from what they are more convenient and better to make, and what they generally are. What is very important, here is a diagram of a waste oil furnace that will help you to understand all the intricacies of its design as well as possible. For those who want to create a unit with a drip feed of oil, a method of homemade additions to the product is also described.