The development of intellectual abilities of a primary school student at home

Intelligence (from the Latin. Intellectus - "understanding", "reason") consists of a complex of mental abilities to know: perception, thinking, attention, memory. They make up his essence. They work on them when they set the goal to develop intellectual abilities. The best age for activating intelligence in a home environment is a primary school student. At 6–10 years, all mental processes develop intensively.

To develop and consolidate the skills of mental activity, there are many interesting tasks and exercises that will help parents develop in their children the ability to think logically, quickly remember, and be attentive. We offer some.

Memory development

Visual memory development

1. Put 5-7 colored cubes in a row in front of the child. Assignment: remember the colors and their sequence. After 30 sec cover the cubes, ask them to draw a sequence of colors with felt-tip pens on a piece of paper.
2. Pick up a picture with many small details. Give 30–40 seconds. to stare. Close. Assignment: tell in detail what is shown in the picture.

Auditory memory development

Prepare a list of 10 pairs of words related by meaning: ski - winter, airplane - travel, etc. Read them to your child. Then name one word from the pair, the second he must name.

Associated Memory Development

1. Put 20 item cards. Prepare 8-10 words. Read them with pauses. First, ask the child to choose and put aside a card that will help remember the word. At the end, ask for words based on clue cards.
2. Choose 5-6 words. Ask the child to come up with an association word for each. For example, for the word "summer" - vacation, heat, beach.

Development of memory and thinking

Make a list of pairs of words that are not connected by meaning (car is heaven). Offer to come up with a picture where both words-objects will merge. Well, if these are fantastic images.

Attention development

1. Prepare a drawing with tangled lines. Along one edge of the page are the line numbers, along the other are empty windows. Each line originates on the left, and ends on the right. Task: to trace each line and in that cell where it ends, write down its number. We start from the first line, then go to the second, and so you need to trace all the lines. It is important that the child performs this exercise only with his eyes, without the use of a finger or pencil.
2. Offer to consider paired pictures, find the indicated number of differences in them.
3. During the reading, arrange with the child that he should give a sign when he hears a conditional phrase in the text. As such a phrase, you select a sentence or words from readable text.

Thinking development

1. Offer your child 4–5 words that are not related in meaning (pencil, flower, candy, shampoo, book). Assignment: pick up associations that will connect all the words, make up sentences. It should be a short story.
2. Suggest a series of words united by a formal attribute, for example: a parrot, fog, port, passport (extra word for the letter "T"); leaf, wind, midget, minute (in one word the second letter "E"). Exercise develops the ability to find innovative solutions.
3. Give 3 words, two of them are logically connected. Assignment: by the same logic, pick up a couple of words: Tuesday - Wednesday, March - ... (April); nose - smell, ear - ... (hearing), aster - flower, sofa - ... (furniture).
4. Give the toy and the sheet divided into four squares. The child must move the toy squarely, following your directions: left, up, right, down.
5. Offer 20 mixed cards with the image of trees, fish, clothes, birds, shoes (4 each). Ask the child to name each group in one word. Ask to combine these 5 words into two groups and explain why he combined it.
6. Ask logical tasks of varying complexity for comparison.

Examples of logical tasks for comparison:

• Julia is more accurate than Katya. Katya is neater than Lisa. Who is the most accurate of all?
• Dima is stronger than Yegor and slower than Stas. Dima is weaker than Stas and faster than Yegor. Who is stronger than everyone and who is slower than everyone?
• Alex is darker than Julia. Julia is below Lena. Lena is older than Lesha. Alex above Lena. Lena is lighter than Julia. Julia is younger than Lesha. Who is the darkest of all, the lowest of all, the oldest of all?

Perception development

1. Offer a card with drawings in the form of geometric shapes (squares, triangles, circles). Ask to find the number of figures of each kind.
2. Lay out the mixed cut pieces of the drawings (vegetables, fruits, cars). Ask to collect the image. Items in the pictures can be of different sizes.
3. See puzzles together. Their options are numerous. When performing the exercise, tell which objects you need to see and how many.

Options for tasks with puzzle pictures:

• look at the picture (superimposed contours of 3-5 images) and name all the objects;
• searches for animals, birds, people hidden in the picture;
• draw unfinished images, which represent part of the subject (plants, letters, furniture, etc.).

And in conclusion, the following should be noted: create an atmosphere in the house for the harmonious intellectual development of children, pay attention to the diverse development of the intellectual abilities of younger students.

The article was prepared based on the books of Shamil Akhmadullin, a psychologist and founder of the speed reading school.