Phraseologisms, stable small indivisible phrases, and winged expressions are often used in everyday speech. Thanks to these apt, vivid sayings, she becomes more lively and emotional. The words included in the phraseological turn are most often completely inconsistent with their lexical meaning and are used not in a literal but in a figurative sense, however, everyone perfectly understands what is at stake. For example: to run away without looking back is very fast, the hell on the puddings is somewhere very far away, the Achilles' heel is a weak spot, to buy a pig in a poke is to purchase goods without knowing anything about its merits.
Why phraseologisms are needed
Sometimes, in order to achieve the desired speech effect, it is difficult to choose clear and figurative words. Phraseologisms help to more accurately and emotionally convey irony, mockery, bitterness, love - all human feelings. They provide an opportunity to more clearly express their thoughts and convey them to the interlocutor.
Often using phraseologisms in everyday speech, we don’t even notice it, don’t think about how to make a sentence with phraseology - we simply pronounce it automatically, because winged expressions are familiar and familiar to everyone since childhood. Many of them came to us from legends and fairy tales, from other languages and eras.
Is it easy to make a sentence with phraseologism? Simply steamed turnip, if you know their main signs.
Signs of phraseological units
- Phraseologisms - phrases are absolutely stable, they do not tolerate arbitrary substitution or omission of words, as well as their unmotivated permutation. For example, instead of saying “spit on the ceiling” (lounging), you shouldn't say “spit on the window” (the expression takes on a literal meaning).
- Many phraseological units are replaced by one word: face to face (alone), a drop in the sea (few), more than enough (many).
- If you make a sentence with phraseologism, then regardless of the number of words, it is one member of the sentence (subject, predicate, circumstance, etc.).
- Phraseologisms have one or several different meanings: grandmother's tales are fables; go crazy - lose your mind - do stupid things - get addicted to something or someone else.
On the proper use of phraseological units
In order to correctly draw up a sentence with phraseologism, you need to clearly understand its meaning, this will help to avoid ridiculous speech errors. It is unacceptable to use distorted versions of stable phrases, their inappropriate or incorrect use. Here is a simple example: "Today, seeing off the students of our school on their last journey, I would like to say parting words to them." There is an example of the misuse of phraseology: to see off on the last journey means participating in a funeral.
The same phrase can be used both literally and figuratively. Here is a simple test: in the examples below, indicate a sentence with phraseology:
- Finally, spring came to the river, the ice broke.
- The ice has broken, gentlemen of the jury.
Obviously, in the first sentence, the words are used in their direct meaning, in the second it is phraseological unit, meaning that the business has begun.
The role of phraseological phrases in various speech styles
The use of phraseological units and winged expressions in journalism, fiction and simply in
colloquial speech is associated with their imagery and expression, rich expressive capabilities. They help to avoid stereotyping, facelessness and dryness in speech communication. For example, the expression "pass through fire and water" is a figurative designation of overcoming all obstacles.
Book phraseologisms in this case have a higher expressive-stylistic coloring and give speech poetry and solemnity. Conversational-everyday sayings allow you to express familiarity, irony, contempt, etc.
Phraseologisms are almost always figurative, vivid expressions. This is an important means of language, used as ready-made comparisons, definitions, as emotional characteristics of the surrounding reality.