In any planning, there is a subject of planning - the one who draws up a plan, and an object of planning - any operation on which the plan is drawn up.
To consider the types of planning, you need to understand that by type of object there are several types:
- Production plan - it can be a balance sheet, marketing plan, where all the deadlines for the implementation of processes are determined taking into account the cycles of manufacturing and equipment loading, as well as a resource plan where resources are planned.
- Military;
- Political
- Educational planning;
- Social;
- Traffic planning;
- Experiment planning ;
- Training planning and other types of planning.
Also, the types of planning can be characterized by the duration of the interval. It distinguishes between technical and strategic planning. Strategic is the development of a system or the development of operations associated with a change in functions, in structure, or with the emergence of qualitative new characteristics. Operational or tactical planning determines the following possibilities - on the basis of the strategy, tactics are developed and a quick decision is made in achieving the goals.
When the question arises of the planning of production operations, they distinguish short-term, medium-term and long-term planning. Annual or short-term plans with a given technology produce products with a specific established nomenclature. The medium-term plan says that there is a release of new products with technical new characteristics. It can be planning of R&D, modernization of technology processes or preparation of production. Long-term planning carries a development plan and is the most problematic today. The problem is that there is no specific direction for achieving the goal.
There are also types of planning for the subject:
- Optimal planning, where there is an implementation of planning, which carry the best semantic load, as well as mathematical models that express the statement of the optimization problem.
- Acceptable planning, here it is planned to operate the systems based on the parameters that the structure has.
- Adapted planning, which is a dynamic planning, carried out on the basis of mathematical models with experiments. In this case, the plan is completely improved.
There are also such types of planning that rely on knowledge of the future:
- Deterministic planning, which offers the meaning of the future, this direction is very common.
- Probabilistic Planning.
Planning can be dynamic and statistical. In dynamic coordinates are calculated for each individual point in time. And in statistical planning, the components of the vector where the state of the system is planned do not depend on time.
From the point of view of planning activities, it can be directed as economic planning and management planning.
Planning itself is an object for which a special program-target planning is given. This planning means one type of plan in which the activity is aimed at achieving the goal. Speaking essentially, then in each planning method lies the point of directing this method to achieve its goals. The target planning method in many countries has established itself as the most reliable and accurate. But in Russia, the history of planning is carried out somewhat in other directions. Western methods do not always fit into Russian conditions.