The construction of communications under water, the search for sunken boats, rescue operations in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, the investigation of forensic experts - the help of qualified divers can be useful in these areas. Diving work carried out on the river and lake open spaces of Russia, require not only courage and heroism from divers. It is important to have the necessary equipment and equipment. Underwater work cannot be carried out without good preparation. Before they begin, it is necessary to check the technical health of the vessel, which will transport divers to the place of operations. As a rule, for underwater operations on rivers and ponds up to forty-five meters deep, the Yaroslavets is used - a boat of Project 376. This type of vessel is designed specifically for the needs of the Russian Navy.
Vessel History
The Russian boat "Yaroslavets" (project 376) appeared in the fifties of the twentieth century. For the needs of the Navy and the national economy, a draft towing vessel was required, which would be used for diving and customs operations. That is why in 1948 the design of the boat was approved, which received the number 376 and the code "North". It was supposed to be used by the fleet and some sectors of the national economy. When designing a ship, a necessary condition was put forward: Russian-made boats must have all the necessary characteristics for transporting ships by rail.
In 1953, the Yaroslavl Shipyard, thanks to which the series got its semi-official name, launched the lead boat of Project 376. The ships immediately launched into production in a large series. And after two years, some of the project data was changed, which allowed to improve the operational characteristics of the vessel and modernize its production technology. A new "Yaroslavets" appeared - a boat of project 376U. After the changes introduced, this type of vessel began to be actively used not only by the military, but also by civilian ministries and departments, as well as for deliveries abroad. The second enterprise where the production of boats began was the Sosnovsky shipbuilding plant (Kirov region).
External characteristics
"Yaroslavets" - a boat, which is a ship with one screw, with a saddle deck, wheelhouse with a superstructure, with a hood over the engine room and aft hold compartment. The hull, as a rule, is a solid transverse seam. The boat is equipped with six watertight bulkheads, three fuel tanks are installed on the bottom of the vessel.
It doesn’t matter if a raid boat, border, customs or passenger was designed, the external characteristics of a vessel of any type are as follows: the length of the boat is about twenty-one meters, the width reaches four. Depth - 2.1 meters. The vessel can accommodate up to twelve people. In free travel, the speed of the ship can reach ten knots.
Specifications
It is known that Russian-made boats of the Yaroslavets series are designed in such a way that their operation will reduce the time required to transport divers or cargo to their destination and ensure uninterrupted operation in water bodies, rivers or lakes. The raid boat or tow boat is built in such a way that water maneuvers can be easily performed in shallow water, as well as in a shallow ice surface. In addition, transportation of the vessel by rail is provided, therefore the dimensions of the boat are calculated taking into account the fulfillment of this condition. To perform operations in water bodies where there is fine broken ice, ice kingston is provided in the design of the boat. The displacement of the boat is 46.9 tons, the average draft with a load of 1.27 m, without a load of 0.97 m, the free speed is 10.5, and the autonomy is 5 days.
Repair
Ship repair can be carried out independently. However, such repairs may be carried out by the crew or its owner only in cases where damage to the boat will be minor. For example, it is necessary to replace the standard skin to avoid leakage of the boat.
In other cases, the ship is transported to a shipyard, where the hull is completely painted, an electrician is put in order, and the mechanisms of hatches and windows are checked. The boat is delivered to the place of repair work in the railway transport. Here, the foremen master overhaul, after which the ship is returned to the owner.
Hull
As a reinforcement of the boat structure, powerful half-bulbs are installed, which are used as the basis for wooden or metal transverse ribs of the ship's hull and transverse beams for additional structural rigidity. A hull beam is attached along the entire hull of the vessel. The bars are made of metal or wood. Pipes can be bent or semicircular, with a longitudinal rib (characteristic for a metal fender).
Also in shipbuilding metal corners, plates and strips are used for the manufacture of additional stiffeners. The frame of the boat is sheathed with metal sheets that are soldered to each other with welds from four to ten millimeters wide. A common occurrence for a river vessel is the appearance of non-standard sheets during self-repair. However, this does not affect its further operation.
The stern and bow of the boat are additionally reinforced with pins to strengthen the structure and balance the vessel on the water surface. On some models of Yaroslavets boats, towing arches are installed to prevent damage to the towing cable during appropriate maneuvers. Towing arches are installed when a towing boat becomes the result of shipbuilding.
Steering wheel
Streamlined streamline steering wheel is installed on the boat during the construction process. It is made, as a rule, hollow, of sheet metal. The mechanism controls the feathers of the steering wheel, which are involved in turning maneuvers. This is a kind of boat oars. Project 376 had only one rudder feather. However, in the process of modernization of the ship, another appeared.
The steering wheel feather is a metal sheet with ribs. It is attached to the boat with six bolts on a round or rectangular flange. In this project, the rudder feather does not have a lower support, which often leads to the loss of the feather during the operation of the vessel. One or two plugs are installed on the upper deck for the steering gear component. This is a kind of screw plugs in the holes into which the tiller is inserted. The component of the steering mechanism will thus function even if the cables break, transmitting forces to the tiller from the helm and then directly to the steering wheel. In the event of a similar situation, the vessel can be controlled manually.
Chassis
During the construction of the boat, a wheelhouse and a cap are attached to its frame. A hook is attached to the back wall - a steel hook attached to cables and chains. Serves for lifting boats, cargoes and towing other vessels. A removable or staple ladder leading to the undercarriage bridge of the engine room is also attached there. For Yaroslavets, removable pilothouses are characteristic, which allow transporting a river towing boat by rail. However, in all modifications of the boat project 376, the engine compartment caps are non-removable. Only one of the burl sheets will be dismantled. Moreover, its characteristics will vary depending on the modifications. For project 376 boats, a flat sheet of metal with stiffeners is used, while for project 376U, profiled sheets without welded fasteners are used.
Three doors and a rectangular window are installed on the wheelhouse on the port side. The middle door is hermetically sealed, subsequently directly leads to the radio room. The first door from the stern leads to the latrine and is splashproof.
On the right are two doors, a rectangular window and two round portholes. Doors have various designs. Over time, locks on the doors have evolved, the technological characteristics of the door hinges have changed.
Portholes and hatches
The model of the Yaroslavets
shipyard is a boat that is equipped with six portholes on the port side of the ship. On the starboard side of the boat, only four portholes are provided. The ones closest to the feed are sometimes brewed, as they may be too close to the surface of the water. This, as a rule, occurs during the conversion of the boat, when it is planned to lay the ballast, which increases the draft of the river vessel.
The design of the boat provides for deck hatches leading to the interior of the boat. During the modernization of the boat as a whole, the operational characteristics of hatches and doors were also improved.
Scopes of the vessel
The boat "Yaroslavets" can serve both for military purposes and for some agricultural enterprises that transport products abroad by river. Yaroslavets, as a rule, is not intended for personal use, however, there are many individuals and legal entities that own it.
Today, the ship is used more as a tow boat. With its help, non-self-propelled and small river vessels are towed. In addition, the Yaroslavets is also used as a passenger boat. It can hold up to twelve people in holds.
The vessel is actively used as a raid boat. He takes divers to the place of the underwater operation. On-board diving equipment and equipment for underwater operations are constantly stored.
In the holds of the vessel, up to fifteen tons of cargo can be transported abroad. The crew also protects the border of the river spaces and fights against poaching, therefore the Yaroslavets is also used as a border boat.
River ship cost
In the 50s of the last century, the boat of the Yaroslavl shipyard was released into river waters and was used for the needs of the Navy, as well as some agricultural sectors. However, to date, new Project 376 boats are no longer being launched. In addition, at the moment, as we have already mentioned, most of the serviceable river vessels belong to private individuals.
A Russian boat, the price of which can vary depending on the year the ship was launched into the water, as well as on the number of repairs, can be easily found on sale. Due to the fact that this type of vessel is being built less and less today, you can only buy boats that were previously in use.
The purchase can cost in the amount of a million rubles. It is important to carefully inspect the boat, the price of which may seem fabulous. Indeed, it is important for any buyer to receive dividends from the purchase in a short period of time, without spending additional funds on ship repair.
Conclusion
Yaroslavets is one of the most affordable boats, and you can buy it in almost every city in Russia. Even now, it is one of the most convenient and useful river ships due to its excellent technical characteristics.