The content of education is a set of goals, activities, methods, directions and other parameters that characterize the targeted impact on the personality of the child. This takes into account the impact of external factors, as well as individual characteristics of the child's character.
Definition of a concept
The content of education is a certain system, which includes a set of beliefs, personal qualities, behavioral characteristics and other features that a child should master in the process of targeted exposure. The basis of the following ideas:
- reality of goals (human development in accordance with his abilities and inclinations);
- joint activities (study of training programs, the search for topics and methods by teachers is carried out in close cooperation with students);
- self-determination (a child should be given a certain freedom of action in the field of seeking hobbies, as well as establishing a life position);
- personal orientation (the child should be at the center of the educational process, his feelings and interests);
- voluntariness (work with children should be organized in such a way that they themselves express a desire to acquire certain knowledge and skills);
- collectivity (in the process of education, children should be prepared for life in society).
The main types of education
The content of education can be expressed in its classification. It can be described as follows:
- According to the object:
- economic (explanation of the basic laws of financial relations);
- civil (training in basic standards of life in society);
- intellectual (laws of logical thinking);
- international (knowledge of the characteristics of culture and life of different peoples, as well as the development of respect and tolerance for them);
- legal (main aspects of legislation);
- spiritual and moral (teaching norms of behavior and morality);
- aesthetic (education implies instilling a love of beauty);
- patriotic (developing a sense of responsibility towards the motherland).
- In accordance with the content:
- labor (training in basic methods of work and reporting on the most common professions);
- mental education (development of mental abilities, broadening one's horizons);
- physical (development of endurance and training in the basics of a healthy lifestyle).
- According to the form:
- school;
- family;
- confessional (religious).
- In relation to the teacher:
- democratic (the teacher respects the point of view of students);
- free (not limited to the actions of the pupils);
- authoritarian (strict teaching style, strict compliance with the program).
Content, principles of education
The formation of the personality of the child occurs under the influence of teachers, parents and other entities. The content of education can be expressed in its basic principles, which are as follows:
- The social orientation of education implies that children must understand the importance of work in the life of man and society. A child from an early age should learn to respect someone else's work, as well as perform a series of actions independently. In addition, the content of social education should be structured in such a way as to develop intolerance in children of irresponsibility, idleness and other negative phenomena.
- In the process of interaction with the child, the educator should rely on positive emotions, as well as examples on the basis of which certain features and qualities should be formed in children. It is extremely important to show interest in the future of the child, and not just formal performance of duties.
- The humanization of upbringing consists, first of all, in the humane and sympathetic attitude of the teacher towards the pupils. It is also necessary to show respect for the views of children, even if it diverges from the generally accepted. In the process of teaching a child, one cannot humiliate or force anyone to do anything. In order for the educational process to be effective, it is important to create a friendly and trusting atmosphere.
- The personal principle of education is that the teacher must take into account, respect and develop the individual characteristics of each individual student. To do this, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the level of education, life principles, as well as the preferences and tastes of children.
- The principle of unity of educational influences is that society, family, and educational institutions should work in one direction, and not contradict each other. At the same time, only the educator who himself has the appropriate characteristics can instill in the child a proper level of culture.
It is worth noting that the complex of these principles is the content of education. They are binding and should be applied equally in the educational process. It is not necessary to highlight individual principles or to neglect them.
Content and methods of education
At the moment, there is a certain practice that is actively used by educators in the process of working with children. So, the content and methods of education can be classified as follows:
- Aimed at the formation of consciousness:
- convincing students of the correctness of a particular situation;
- an emotionally colored story that helps children acquire skills in moral assessment of norms of behavior;
- clarification is applied when it is necessary to influence the consciousness of an individual child or group;
- ethical conversation unobtrusively forms a person’s personality;
- suggestion gives the actions and thoughts of students a certain setting;
- briefing involves a detailed explanation of the algorithm of actions in a given situation;
- a dispute-competition of opposing opinions on a particular issue;
- report presentation of information unilaterally;
- an example helps to visualize norms of behavior.
- Aimed at shaping social behavior:
- Exercise is the repeated repetition of certain actions in order to form strong beliefs and skills;
- training makes it possible to instill in a pupil one or another quality in the shortest possible time through intensive classes;
- pedagogical requirements demonstrate the subordination of the student to the teacher;
- the assignment helps to develop a sense of responsibility in the pupil;
- educational situations are created artificially in order to visually explain certain rules.
- Aimed at stimulating activities:
- competition makes the student want to stand out from the group and show the best results;
- encouragement motivates further success;
- the punishment acts as a certain limiter, which causes fear of committing unlawful acts.
Goals and objectives of education
The goals and content of upbringing is the final state and set of characteristics that are planned to be instilled in the child through systematic classes. They can be both general and individual. In addition, depending on the time period, goals can be promising, current and medium-term. They are determined by educators as well as parents.
To achieve goals, certain tasks are highlighted. The content of education does not fundamentally change from how detailed they will be. Most often, tasks are compiled separately for each type. So, for mental education it will be the assimilation of information, the formation of horizons and the constant expansion of the sphere of interests. As for physical education, this can be the development of endurance, strengthening health, as well as achieving success in a particular sports field. As for the general tasks defined at the legislative level, it is worth noting the following:
- the formation of ideas about their own abilities and position in society;
- harmonious and comprehensive development of personality;
- mastering the basic moral values that are generally accepted in society;
- the formation of a civic position that will allow the child in the future to become an active member of society;
- development of initiative and interest in solving labor and collective tasks;
- the formation of a wide circle of communication and communication skills.
Educational program
The content of the process of raising a child is reflected in the program, which is compiled on the basis of the following main sections:
- the formation of a respectful and thrifty attitude to nature in all its manifestations;
- drawing up a general picture of ideas about cultural norms in force in society;
- the formation of an understanding that human life belongs to the category of the highest values;
- understanding the basics of social structure;
- the formation of ideas about the lifestyle that a worthy member of society should lead;
- preparation for choosing your own life path.
It is important to understand that these provisions are binding. In this case, additional items may be entered.
Preschool education
The content of preschool education includes two main points. First of all, a child should develop certain personal qualities. There is also preparation for school. It is worth noting that this process can take place both in special educational institutions and at home.
It should be noted that in kindergartens, the content of preschool education is strictly regulated and meets established standards. If we talk about home schooling, then here parents can make a number of mistakes. So, in no case should not cancel the "quiet hour" in the afternoon. The child must certainly rest from stress. It is also unacceptable to imitate the school mode with calls, lessons and changes. You should not prematurely involve the baby in the "adult" life, trying to master the first or second grade program with him.
Preschool education is based on the following principles:
- personality formation occurs in the process of vigorous activity;
- requirements for the child should not outweigh respect for him;
- in a strict pedagogical process there should always be a place for creativity and children's initiative;
- the content, means of upbringing should fully correspond not only to the age of the child, but also to his individual abilities and level of development.
Preschool is considered the age from 3 to 7 years. This is a rather difficult and responsible period when the child must be prepared for a strict regimen and the perception of significant amounts of information.
Features of physical education
The content of physical education is a pedagogical process that is aimed at the development and improvement of various functions of the body, as well as the formation of various kinds of skills. It is worth noting that this phenomenon originated at the earliest historical stages, and is constantly being improved. This direction should not be underestimated, because it is the basis for the full development of the personality.
During the period of schooling, the content of physical education is reduced to the following provisions:
- the formation of motor skills and abilities;
- health promotion, as well as ensuring normal physical development corresponding to age-related parameters;
- development of a healthy lifestyle philosophy among pupils;
- the formation of interest in regular physical activity, as well as interest in certain sports.
Features of moral education
The content of moral education consists in a targeted impact, which is designed to form a certain set of moral and aesthetic feelings in a child, as well as behavior skills that are generally accepted in society. It pursues certain tasks, the main ones of which are:
- the formation of consciousness in accordance with moral standards;
- nurturing relevant feelings;
- development of behavioral skills corresponding to the ideas of morality.
Methods of this type of education can be divided into three main groups:
- the formation of moral consciousness (achieved through stories, lectures, conversations, suggestions, explanations, examples, and so on);
- formation of behavioral experience (exercises, modeling of situations, and also instruction from teachers can be used);
- stimulation of further development (can be achieved by rewards and punishments, as well as creating conditions for competition).
In the process of moral education, the following goals should be achieved:
- understanding of the need to observe moral principles in all areas of life;
- developing a sense of conscience;
- stimulation of further moral development and self-improvement;
- persistence and resistance to immoral phenomena, their public condemnation;
- tolerance and mercy towards others.
conclusions
The content of the child's upbringing is a combination of types and methods of activity that are aimed at the formation of personality. His goals must be real, because you can not achieve more than currently physiological and mental abilities allow. It is also important to understand that education is a mutual process, and therefore it should be carried out in close cooperation with the child, and not through authoritarian influence. There should always be a place for self-determination. It should be noted that in the process of education it is always worth considering the feelings and interests of the child. There should be no room for coercion. It is better if in the process of education the child will be in the team.
Parenting is divided into several classification features. So, in accordance with the object, it can be economic, intellectual, civil, legal, international, patriotic and so on. As for the content, labor, physical and mental education can take place. If we talk about the form - school, religious and family. As for the style of activity of the teacher, the upbringing can be free, democratic or authoritarian.
In the process of education, it is worth adhering to a number of principles. First of all, a social orientation should be present in order to instill in the child an understanding of the importance of work in public life. You should always rely on positive examples and emotions, as well as communicate with the child as a full-fledged person, showing full respect for him. It is worth noting that all children have individual characteristics, which are certainly worth considering. It is also important to understand that the educational process in the family, society and educational institutions should have a single direction.
The goals and objectives of education are formulated individually, depending on the situation. Nevertheless, there is a generally accepted list according to which educational processes are built. So, the child should get a clear idea of the structure of society and its role in it. Harmonious comprehensive development must also be ensured. Children should receive basic ideas about morality and morality, as well as form a clear civic position. It is worth developing a child's sense of interest in solving collective problems, as well as developing communication skills.
Particular attention should be paid to pre-school education, especially if it is carried out at home. So, parents often make the mistake of trying to accustom the child to a strict school regimen, or trying to master a difficult program of primary classes with them. It is important to pay sufficient attention to physical, mental and moral development in accordance with the characteristics of a particular age period.