Planning the cost of production is one of the economic actions that is often used in the modern market. It is carried out with one main goal - to identify reserves for reducing production costs. When carrying out calculations, the progressive indicators of similar industry enterprises are taken as a basis. This allows you to determine the optimal cost.
Planning the cost of production is based on technical and economic calculations to determine production costs and costs for the implementation of the entire range and each type of product separately. There is an established list of factors affecting cost reduction. Among them are the improvement of production, the improvement of the mechanism of using natural sources, the establishment of production and labor processes, the improvement of production, the change in the location, volume and structure of production.
If an enterprise produces one type of product, then the dynamics and level of production costs of the enterprise is determined on the basis of the cost level of this product. If the company produces a large range of products, then the planning of production costs is carried out per ruble of marketable products. The value of the cost per ruble of marketable products is calculated as the ratio of production costs of marketable products to the value of the products calculated using wholesale prices established by the enterprise. The indicator obtained in this way helps to determine the level of profitability.
Planning the cost of production is carried out on the basis of the planned performance indicators. Then, the actual volume of output is recalculated according to planned cost indicators and a comparison is made with the cost of a ruble of output.
When calculating the planned and actual cost of production, it is only necessary to take into account production costs, costs not directly or indirectly related to the production of products should not be taken into account. An example of such costs is, for example, the cost of maintaining auxiliary farms.
Planned costing items cannot include expense items such as scrap or overhead. The exception is glass, ceramic, vacuum, thermal, foundry, optical and canning industries. Moreover, the percentage of marriage, which can be included in the cost, brings and approves a higher authority.
Cost is one of the most important indicators determining the economic efficiency of production. The more optimized the processes in the enterprise, the lower the actual cost and, consequently, the higher the profit of the enterprise. Planning the profit of the enterprise is an important area in the planning of the enterprise, which is closely related to the calculation of the planned cost. One of the reserves of profit growth is to reduce the cost of production. Profit is calculated by subtracting from the amount of revenue from the sale of the cost of sales.
Profit planning is carried out in several ways: the sale of fixed assets; sale of other goods and services; realization of property rights and other property; sales planning of the main products manufactured by the enterprise; profit from non-operating operations; profit from payment for services rendered and work performed.
The company most often uses two types of calculation of planned profits - through the analytical method or the direct account method, which is the most common in enterprises.