Do-it-yourself solid fuel boilers of long burning made of brick with a water circuit can be made with different designs of the heat exchanger from strips of sheet iron or pipe sections. You can consider some of the options for understanding what is at stake.
Do-it-yourself brick solid fuel boilers for long burning
This option is able to build even a beginner. This requires a grinder and the ability to work with it, as well as skills in conducting furnace and welding works. Although you can do otherwise: prepare all the elements, fit them in size, and entrust the work itself to a professional welder. Since water will circulate inside the boiler, the quality of the welds should be impeccable.
At the moment, there are quite a few design options for the boilers themselves and their heat exchangers. Each of them has both advantages and disadvantages.
Horizontal solid fuel boiler
The rectangular heat exchanger made of rectangular pipes 40 x 60 millimeters or round, the diameter of which is 40 or 50 millimeters with a wall thickness of at least 3-5 mm, serves as the basis for the construction of this option. The finished heat exchanger must be mounted in a housing made of refractory or refractory bricks. Do-it-yourself solid fuel boilers of long burning usually begin to create from the procurement of pipe lengths of the required length.
Heat exchanger base
In segments designed to serve as vertical uprights, it is necessary to cut round holes for pipes. The front struts are equipped with a cutter with four holes for pipes with a diameter of 50 millimeters, and the rear racks with four holes for pipes of 50 millimeters and four for pipes of 40 millimeters. In addition, it is necessary to prepare a hole of 50 millimeters for pipes for supplying cold water in the front lower part of the boiler, as well as for removing hot in the upper part. All this should be done as carefully as possible to get even holes. Using a grinder, you will need to get rid of all the influx formed during cutting.
When the preparation of the holes is completed, it is possible to connect a solid fuel boiler with long burning by welding the front and rear. Pipe racks for this need to be set on a flat surface perpendicularly. After completing this work, you can weld the side pipes, maintaining the perpendicularity of the faces. When they will be in place, it is necessary to weld the segments intended for the supply and removal of water, and then weld the ends with rectangular profiles. When the welding work is completed, before starting to mount the solid fuel boiler for long burning, it is necessary to check for leaks. You must close the bottom hole, and pour water through the top hole. If leaks do not appear, then you can proceed to installation.
Sheet steel boiler
If you have sheet metal, the thickness of which is 3-5 millimeters, then you can make a heat exchanger with a fairly simple design. Weld rectangular containers from sheets through which water will circulate, that is, replace a complex pipe structure with a simpler one consisting of two tanks placed in parallel. The finished heat exchanger can be mounted in a brick building, the laying of which can be done according to the same principles as the laying of kitchen or heating stoves. The gap between the heat exchanger and the brick should be at least a centimeter.
Masonry boiler
The dimensions of the heat exchanger and the boiler as a whole can vary depending on the area of the house that needs heating. In this case, we are talking about using a two-pipe heating system, where natural circulation is used. To lay out a self-made solid fuel boiler of long burning, it is first necessary to fill in a concrete foundation, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the future design. When laying, the heat exchanger itself should be set so that it is not installed horizontally, but with a rise to the point of entry of hot water. By means of the level, the boiler is set so that all points of the upper part of the heat exchanger are below the water inlet point. In this case, the level difference should be at least a centimeter. This will prevent the creation of an air plug in the boiler during the filling of the system with water, and will also improve circulation.
The device of solid fuel boilers for long burning involves the implementation of bricklaying in accordance with all the rules, in compliance with the dressing of the seams. At such a structure, the brick wall should be 2-3 cm above the heat exchanger pipes. From above, the boiler is covered with a standard cast-iron stove installed so that, if necessary, it can be easily removed to clean the furnace from soot, which prevents a decrease in its efficiency. The chimney can be laid out of the same brick or installed metal.
Vertical boiler
This option is more focused on placing the heat exchanger in a vertical plane. It is advisable to build such solid fuel boilers of long burning with their own hands in the case when they are supposed to be used exclusively for heating. For this option, the heat exchanger can be made of sheet steel of sufficient thickness. In order to improve the circulation of the coolant, as well as increase the efficiency of its heating, it is possible to introduce a return in such a boiler in the front part. To increase heat transfer, side shelves can be made of pipes. At the bottom and top, it is necessary to weld pipe sections to the rear shelf, between which pipes with a diameter of 32-40 mm are installed. This design is more complex, but the efficiency of the device increases markedly.
Heat exchanger installation
Drawings of solid-fuel boilers of long burning make it possible to imagine how the whole structure should look. The heat exchanger of such a device is mounted on a solid foundation of concrete, on which a blower chamber the size of a furnace made of clay or refractory brick is laid out in advance, and a grate should be installed above it. Solid fuel boilers of long burning are laid out after heat exchangers are installed. The walls of the firebox are laid out of refractory bricks. In the process, two doors must be mounted: the lower one is at the level of the grate, and is designed to clean the firebox from waste and ash, as well as to ignite the fuel from below, and the upper one is used to clean the top of the firebox and load firewood.
Chimney
Solid fuel heating boilers of long burning must be equipped with a chimney, the height of which should be at least five meters. The pipe can be installed or built directly on the boiler, made attached or mounted, or built on a foundation near the boiler. The pipe must be laid at the same time as the walls of the boiler are laid, or a ceramic, metal or asbestos-cement pipe must be installed.