The development and adoption of management decisions shows the result of management activities. This is the basis of management. Preparation and decision making is a creative process in the activities of a manager of any level, which includes:
- statement of the problem;
- analysis of the problem based on the information present;
- the choice of the optimal solution to the problem with the determination of its effectiveness and possible results;
- analysis, together with specialized specialists in algorithms, bringing the solution into action;
- wording of the decision;
- adoption and specification of actions for performers.
From a management point of view, a specific solution is to implement the following steps:
- preparatory stage;
- the formation of a specific management decision;
- implementation of management decisions.
During the preparation of the solution, a situation analysis is carried out taking into account the internal and external environment of the enterprise. Preparation includes the collection and processing of information, identifies problems that need to be addressed.
At the adoption stage, an assessment and development of alternative action options is carried out, based on calculations, criteria are determined by which the best algorithm of actions is selected.
The adoption of managerial decisions at the enterprise implies measures to structure the decision, bring to the performers the necessary list of actions, and control over the implementation. Making managerial decisions involves making adjustments to the actions (if necessary), and evaluating the results from the implementation of the decision. This is due to the fact that each decision has a specific result. The result of management activities is the optimization and finding of means and forms that would contribute to a positive result in maximum expression with minimal cost.
Depending on the decision-making method, they can be justified, with a preliminary analysis of the situation, and intuitive, which are adopted on the basis of the manager’s experience and knowledge, save time, but may contain errors and uncertainties.
Management decisions are formed on the basis of reliable information, analysis of factors that influence the decision, taking into account the anticipation of the consequences of the decision.
In order to maximize the proportion of optimal solutions, it is necessary to regularly monitor current information about the situation at the enterprise and beyond.
And since the amount of information for processing is very large and exceeded human capabilities, it is necessary to use modern computer technology, as well as the use of computers and automated data processing systems.
Management decisions are implemented by various methods:
- making decisions based on intuition. Manager's intuition is due to the presence of experience and knowledge in a certain area, which allows you to make the right decision;
- decision making on the basis of "common sense". The manager justifies his decision with consistent evidence and relies on accumulated practical knowledge;
- decision making based on a scientific and practical approach. The decision is based on processing a certain amount of information that justifies the decision. It is carried out using modern technical means. Today, for the sake of a correct management decision, they use the entire arsenal of achievements.
Making managerial decisions by the leader is the most important task of management science and involves a comprehensive assessment of the specific situation by the leader and the selection of the optimal solution from several possible options.