Stock and commodity exchanges have been the nerve nodes of the global economy for many years. Today in the world there are about two hundred. The history of some dates back more than one and a half centuries. Exchanges are an indispensable attribute of states with developed market economic relations.
Stock Exchange
It is a specialized platform where securities are traded.
World stock exchanges, in addition to selling and buying securities and shares, provide platforms for trading and other financial instruments, which include options, swaps, derivatives, etc.
These financial institutions also issue securities, place and redeem them. Measures are being taken in which the capital structure is changing. Such mechanisms also include the payment of dividends as income for securities owners.
There are currently a sufficient number of stock exchanges, but all of them seriously differ in financial turnover, as well as in the number of assets traded on them. The state of their indices are indicators of the health of the global economy.
The largest stock exchange in the world
The largest stock market in the world is the stock exchange in the city of New York. She is an indicator of US financial power. It is with this exchange that the falls and ups of the world economy over the past 100 years are associated. The world-famous index of this exchange - Dow Jones (introduced to indicate the state of American stock markets) is based on its data. When asked which stock exchange is the largest in the world, the answer always follows - New York.
It was founded in 2007 when two trading floors merged - the European stock market (Euronext) and New York. After the merger, it really became the largest stock exchange in the world.
At the time of its formation, the capitalization of NYSE - Euronext structures amounted to almost 16 trillion US dollars. To date, she confidently holds the lead among various world ratings. More than 3000 of the largest companies in the world sell their financial instruments on the site of this exchange. Under her management are the stock exchanges of Brussels, Amsterdam, Lisbon and Paris.
Tokyo Exchange
The Tokyo Stock Exchange was formed almost 150 years ago, in the second half of the 19th century. It belongs to the world's oldest trading floors and is one of the largest exchanges in the world. Its capitalization is second only to the New York Stock Exchange. It is known for the fact that the giants of the Japanese industry place their shares here: Toyota, Honda, Olympus, Nikon, etc. Tokyo Stock Exchange Indices are TOPIX and NIKKEI 225.
London exchange
The London Stock Exchange is the third among the largest stock exchanges in the world, one of the oldest. It dates back to the middle of the 16th century. Officially established and registered in 1801.
At present, almost 50% of all global stock trading is sold on its sites. The London Stock Exchange is the most international, options and futures are implemented here. FTSE100 - London Stock Exchange Index.
Shanghai stock exchange
It was formed relatively recently, in 1990. The largest in mainland China. It is one of the main in Asia and the list of the largest exchanges in the world. Structurally, it is a nonprofit organization managed by the PRC Securities Commission. In addition to trading stocks and bonds, government securities of China are sold here. SSE Composite is its stock index.
Hong kong exchange
It is one of the ten largest exchanges in the world. It ranks sixth in terms of capitalization of companies that operate on its site. It was founded in 1947 by the merger of two stock exchanges. Subsequently, several more stock exchanges joined it. Since the spring of 1986, the combined structure has been called the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Index - HANG SENG.
Toronto Stock Exchange
It is considered one of the most popular world. A lot of companies place their shares on it, the bulk of which are mining and oil industries. It has been leading its history since the middle of the 19th century; in 1977, the first introduced an electronic trading system.
Prior to 2002, the Toronto Stock Exchange Index was TSX 300. It is currently managed by S&P, which has led to a change in the stock index - S & P / TSX.
Frankfurt Stock Exchange
The German stock exchange is the oldest in Europe and the world, the largest in Germany. It was founded in 1585 by German merchants.
Frankfurt Stock Exchange Index - DAX is an indicator of the value of shares of more than 300 largest companies in this country. This "barometer" shows the state of the economy of Germany.
Swiss exchange
The Swiss Stock Exchange was formed in 1995, when the stock exchanges of Zurich, Basel and Geneva were merged into one structure. In fact, it dates back to 1823, from the city of Zurich. Due to the fact that this authoritative country in the world of finance, it attracts a very large number of foreign investors to its site. Since 1996, trading and settlements on the Swiss Stock Exchange have been conducted only in automatic mode. It is considered to be a member of the group of the largest exchanges in the world. Index is SMI.
Australian exchange
The Australian Stock Exchange was established in 1987, when several continental exchanges merged into one network. After two more structures were joined to it in 2006, it became the main Australian trading platform. Headquarters and all its structures are located in Sydney. ASX - Stock Index.
Korean stock exchange
The main stock exchange on the Korean peninsula is located in Busan. Its branches are open in the capital of South Korea - Seoul. It was established in January 2005 and is one of the largest exchanges in the world in terms of the number of transactions with derivatives.
Its owners are a number of brokerage companies. The stock index is KOSPI.
Commodity Exchange
Commodity exchanges are permanent wholesale markets. They carry out transactions for the sale of homogeneous goods. Trading is carried out according to the established rules at a public auction. Exchanges contribute to the creation of real prices for goods and raw materials, create a concentration of supply and demand.
Commodity exchanges are divided into universal and specialized, depending on how and what is sold on them.
The history of commodity exchanges began much earlier than stock exchanges. Information about the first dates back to 1409, when its prototype appeared in the Belgian city of Bruges. And the first functionally organized was created in 1462 in Antwerp.
Currently, about one hundred kinds of goods are sold on world commodity exchanges. They account for almost 20% of all international trade. Goods sold on the commodity exchange are conditionally grouped into certain groups, namely: energy; non-ferrous and precious metals; grain (barley, oats, rice, rye, wheat); animal oils, meat; industrial raw materials; oilseed processing products; textile.
Chicago Mercantile Exchange
It is considered the largest commodity exchange in the world and the most universal. The main trading floor is in the United States of America, in the city of Chicago.
In 1848, it was founded by 82 grain merchants. It is currently a key player in the international derivatives market. Its role in the distribution of raw materials and the formation of prices for goods is great. It influences the economic development not only of the USA, but also of other economies of the world. Statistics show that about 122 million transactions are made on it per day.
London Metal Exchange
The London Mercantile Exchange is the largest platform for the sale of non-ferrous metals. It dates back to 1571, when the first stock exchange was created in London. It traded not only consumer goods, but also metals - copper and tin. Independently, the commodity exchange began to function since 1877, having stood out in a separate structure.
New York Mercantile Exchange
The world's largest oil futures exchange is the New York Mercantile Exchange. It dates back to 1882. After a series of mergers and transformations, it has become a modern exchange. In 2008, together with the Chicago Board of Trade, organized a group that functions as a single market.
About exchanges of Russia
On the world market, Russian stock and commodity exchanges are not in the first place, which is primarily due to the status of a developing and rather weak economy of the Russian Federation.
However, trading on them is ongoing, with a tendency to sustainable development. The most famous - MICEX-RTS; "St. Petersburg"; Siberian stock exchange.