Acne vulgaris are red and white pimples that usually appear in the back, décolleté, or on the face. This problem is familiar to 50% of the population. At risk are young people aged 13 to 19 years and girls from 11 to 18. In rare cases, rashes appear in people in a more mature period of life. This is usually associated with hormonal disorders or other health problems. The appearance on the body of red, white pimples and inflammations does not pose a serious danger to life, but it can cause a lot of inconvenience, including psychological comfort and self-doubt.
Basic concepts
Acne Vulgaris is a type of acne resulting from seborrhea. This dermatological problem usually occurs against the background of increased sebum formation, high oily skin on the back, face and décolleté. Excessive production of sebum leads to a change in the structure of the cover in certain areas.
Most often, Acne Vulgaris develops on the face, since here the concentration of sebaceous glands is maximum. If in other parts of the skin it is about 100 glands per square centimeter, then here their number can reach 900.
Characteristics of the disease
What is the disease acne vulgaris expressed in? Abundant rashes on the face can appear in adolescence, but often these phenomena can occur at 30 and 40 years. Rashes are usually white or red, sometimes peeling and itching are observed.
According to the ICD, acne vulgaris has the code L70.0. So the disease is usually indicated in the medical community. Anxiety eruptions, as a rule, cause anxiety up to the age of 25 years. After that, they become less pronounced and noticeable. What are the causes of this disease? Let's try to figure it out.
Causes
Let's dwell on this in more detail. The main factor that causes acne vulgaris is a hereditary predisposition. If one of your parents had the disease in question, then most likely you yourself are at risk. In some cases, the disease can be transmitted from relatives along the second or first line.
Another cause of acne is malnutrition. Dermatologists do not distinguish a direct connection between the regimen of eating food and the occurrence of acne. However, numerous studies have shown that patients who eat a lot of sweet, starchy foods, fast food, rice, acne manifestations are much higher. Skin rashes can also cause pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract of a parasitic nature - giardiasis, ascariasis, toxocariasis. The disease can also be caused by adverse environmental conditions, stressful situations, previous surgical interventions and operations, and a decrease in immunity. Problems can be associated with periodic deterioration, such as seasonal vitamin deficiency, as well as the iron deficiency state of the body, which occurs due to a lack of vitamins A, B, E and other useful substances.
Another reason that acne vulgaris can cause is the pathology of the endocrine system. These can be hormonal dysfunctions. The development of sebaceous glands and the process of sebum secretion is responsible for the hormone - androgen. If the natural circulation of this hormone is disturbed, an imbalance occurs in the body.
Education mechanism
So what do you need to know about this? How does acne form with acne vulgaris? Photos of lesions confirm that usually this problem manifests itself on the face, in the decollete and on the back. It all starts with a violation of the natural circulation of hormones in the body. As a result, an imbalance of lipids occurs, and sebum production increases. This leads to a decrease in the concentration of linoleic acid. This factor, in turn, leads to the occurrence of follicular hyperkeratosis. Excessive follicular hyperkeratosis creates favorable anaerobic conditions for the occurrence and development of comedones. Active reproduction of bacteria occurs. Also, sebum is hydrolyzed with bacterial lipases to form free fatty acids. Such conditions lead to an intensification of the process of inflammation and the appearance of rashes. Severe inflammation occurs, which, if left untreated, can spread throughout the pathogenic area.
Diagnostics
What is she like? How to get rid of acne vulgaris? Treatment usually begins with a diagnosis. First of all, a qualified dermatologist will give you a referral for tests. It may also require consultation with specialists such as an endocrinologist, urologist, gynecologist. For an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to check the level of prolactin, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, as well as dehydroepiandrosterone. A dermatologist can also prescribe such examinations as scraping of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and affected areas of the skin. This is required in order to exclude a disease such as gram-negative folliculitis. A general urinalysis and a general blood test will be required. Your doctor may prescribe additional tests to rule out acne and Coryne bacterium. In rare cases, a bright red rash may be a sign of tuberculous intoxication.
How to deal with the disease?
So what do you need to know about this? The chronic form of acne vulgaris of moderate severity is treated with hormonal drugs and antibiotics. You can also take a course of light and laser hair removal in the cabin. For such procedures, lamps with a blue color, wavelength of 440 nm are used today. This is the optimal type of radiation. Waves of this format have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microorganisms. The skin condition improves noticeably after 2-3 procedures. Blue rays contribute to the activation of oxygen evolution, which reduces the activity of anaerobic pathogens.
Types of Acne
Let's dwell on this aspect in more detail. To cure acne vulgaris, you need to know which species the disease belongs to.
So, there are such rashes:
- Papular: have a pinkish or bluish-red hue. In diameter they can reach 4 mm, when touched they do not cause discomfort. They are treated with antibiotics of internal and external effects. The average course of treatment is 12 days.
- Pustular: can form from papular in case of untimely elimination. In appearance they resemble folliculitis, only pain is less. To combat acne of this type, you must follow a diet, as well as undergo complex treatment, which includes a course of antibiotics and cosmetic procedures.
- Abscesses: occur on the back of the neck, upper back and chest.
- Phlegmonous: acne of burgundy and red, in diameter can reach up to 1 cm, surrounded by edema.
- Inductive: when touched, cause pain. Develop within 3-4 weeks. For treatment, complex therapy is used, including means of internal and external use.
- Drainage: acne of this type occurs when fusion of phlegmonous, inductive and abscessed. They are painful burgundy, blue-red, sometimes brown lesions of skin areas, accompanied by purulent processes. When touched, it causes pain. In this case, antibiotic treatment will not be enough, surgical intervention will be required.
- Conglobate: this is true pyoderma, which is eliminated with great difficulty and requires a thorough professional approach.
- Inverse: the main reason for their appearance is the activity of coagulase-positive staphylococcus bacteria. The most common localization of such acne is the axillary hollows and the perianal region. May also appear under the mammary glands. Structures resemble boils, but do not have a necrotic core.
Mild Therapy
How to treat acne vulgaris? Reviews confirm that with an average degree of severity of this disease, it is quite possible to do with ointments, antibiotics and folk remedies. Experts recommend the use of products containing sulfur, ichthyol and lemon juice. At this stage of the disease, a drug such as Klerasil is especially effective. It reduces the activity of pathogenic bacteria and has a pronounced antibacterial effect. The Oxy-5 remedy helps a lot. It dries the skin and reduces the amount of sebum, however, during the first applications it can cause a burning sensation. The doctor may also prescribe the use of topical antibiotics, such as tetracycline or erythromycin. At this stage, preparations based on salicylic acid, calendula tinctures and other substances show high efficiency.
Treatment for moderate severity
So what do you need to know about this? How to deal with acne vulgaris of moderate severity? Here you have to use something more serious. With abundant inflammatory lesions, Retin-A helps a lot. You can use gels and creams based on it. This drug helps eliminate pore clogging and protects against follicular hyperkeratosis. When using antimicrobial agents based on benzoyl peroxide, special care should be taken, since they can burn the skin. The use of such funds is best to start with low concentrations. Also used for treatment are antibiotics such as Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Dixicycline. The methods of administration and dosage should be determined by a qualified doctor based on the individual characteristics of the patient. Along with the course of antibiotics, doctors recommend taking Bifidumbacterin or other drugs that restore the intestinal microflora.
Severe Treatment
Acne vulgaris (according to ICD 10 - code L70.0, as already mentioned) in a severe stage can be accompanied by severe pain and necrotic processes. At this stage, a course of oral and topical preparations should be used to treat skin. If antibiotics have not brought the desired effect in the treatment of acne in girls, antiandrogenic drugs are usually prescribed. Your doctor may also prescribe oral contraceptives with an estrogenic profile. Isotretinoin, which is both a hormone and a synthetic analogue of vitamin A, helps to treat complex inflammations. This drug has an effect on all parts of the pathology, namely it reduces the production of sebum and slows down the proliferation of epithelial cells of the ducts of the fatty glands.
Diet for ailment
A mandatory requirement in the fight against acne vulgaris is to follow a diet. Spicy, fatty, smoked dishes, sweets and pastries should be discarded. It is also not recommended to use store juices and alcoholic beverages. A favorable environment for the development of acne is created by the use of products such as ham, sausage, meat, smoked meats, rolls, cakes, pastries and others. Be sure to add fresh vegetables, fruits, cereals, cereals and low-fat foods to your daily diet. A diet should be followed throughout the course of treatment.
Disease prevention
How to prevent the development of acne vulgaris moderate and severe? If you are at risk or have a genetic predisposition to this disease, be sure to follow these recommendations:
- Wash at least twice a day, without strong friction of the skin, using light cleansing compounds.
- Do not squeeze acne. This can cause scars and worsen the disease.
- Keep track of your clothes and working conditions. Avoid contact with risk factors.
- Watch your health, drink vitamins and eat right.
- If you have problems with the skin, immediately treat them to prevent the development of complications.
Conclusion
In this review, we examined what acne vulgaris is. The treatment for this disease depends on its type and stage. As a rule, complex therapy is used, which includes taking antibiotics, using topical preparations, cosmetic procedures and following a special diet.