At the moment, in the organizational structure of housing and communal services there are more than 30 activities. The most famous of them are electricity, water, gas, hotel industry. Also involved in the structure and housing, the provision of funeral services.
Objects of improvement
The improvement of roads, sidewalks in settlements, as well as bridges, is also handled by the management of housing and communal services. It is also responsible for lighting streets and structures. This institution is also engaged in cleaning them from garbage and snow.
In total, more than 50,000 enterprises operate within its framework, and approximately 4,000,000 people work in it. Although the volume of services and products provided by housing and communal services management systems is constantly increasing, many enterprises are officially recognized as unprofitable. All companies included in the structure are considered legal entities.
For this reason, they always have a lot of requirements that are associated with fixing the schedule. They are largely determined by the presence of various units in the structure, the number of houses under management.
The head of the institution is the director of the management company. He is responsible for his efficient work. In the largest companies, he also has deputies, heads of individual sections. They perform the same functions as the chief executive. But their authority extends to certain groups of houses. Each group has its own dispatching and emergency services.
The main activities
The most important area is communication with homeowners, supervision over the observance of all labor protection rules. Housing and communal services of the district is also involved in monitoring the activities of employees repairing buildings and roads, and constantly interacts with official bodies. The duties of each employee are enshrined in the proper instructions. Each category has its own. Also always has its own staffing. It lists all tariff rates, salaries.
Technical control
The most important area of ​​activity of management companies is the implementation of technical control over the condition of the premises. The houses are serviced, complaints and applications for the receipt of certain services are recorded. The quality of the services provided is also monitored, developed, and relevant documentation is maintained.
The staff of the housing and communal services structure has many different positions. There are those that are mandatory in any household if the services in it are of high quality. These mandatory employees include a dispatcher.
Dispatcher
Dispatchers accept applications from tenants under the management of the management company. They pass them to the structural units of utilities. Dispatchers are required to advise residents on the matter of interest to them, confirm the fulfillment of applications, and monitor the schedule of the heat and power industry. They submit applications to the emergency service. The dispatcher is responsible for failure to fulfill the duties specified in the job description.
Plumber
Plumbers are involved in the execution of orders for tools that they use during the work. It is they who are responsible for ensuring that the materials are used wisely and accurately. Responsibility for plumbers is provided for violation of orders of the Ministry of Housing and Public Utilities, non-observance of discipline, disengagement from one's duties.
Electricians
The most important category of employees in the state utilities are electricians. It is they who are engaged in the elimination of all kinds of malfunctions in the electrical networks. They make repairs, maintain equipment that provides stable electricity in residential buildings. Electricians detect illegal network connections, prevent all kinds of emergency situations. All information, including on activities at the request of residents, they enter in special journals.
Electricians are responsible for violations of the law related to the electric networks that will be available in their shift.
Janitors
This category of employees is necessarily present in enterprises for cleaning territories of populated areas. They are responsible for ensuring that the land areas are clean. In addition, they learn skills related to fire safety, and, if necessary, get in touch with emergency services.
Financing
Understanding the structure of the institution, it is necessary to take into account that at the moment all the relations between residents and these enterprises are a commercial basis. All residents make timely payments for the services provided to enterprises serving engineering networks and structures, for water, gas, and so on. Repair work and other activities prescribed in contracts are also subject to mandatory payment.
The services provided by the Ministry of Housing and Public Utilities are divided into the category of mandatory and optional. For the first category, payment is made every month. These include directly housing maintenance - lamp replacement, roof repair. The second category includes new elements. And residents decide on their own whether to order such services.
Financing
In all cases, the housing and communal services structure includes a financial department. It is headed by a financial director or accountant. Depending on the size of the site, economists can work here. All these specialists calculate the amount of resources consumed, identify the total cost of the services provided. They are involved in the transfer of documentation to the tax authorities.
The role of this headquarters in the structure of housing and communal services cannot be overestimated. It has a large volume of functions. Due to the correct calculations, companies make a profit, and the residents remain satisfied with the services.
Legal department
No housing and communal services structure is complete without legal support. Often, legal tasks are transferred to the third-party companies. If there is a legal department, he is engaged in the execution of contracts, develops their projects in a variety of areas. In addition, the legal department has the task of conducting claims. It is his experts who consider the complaints of residents, prepare answers to them, on the appeal. Ensuring that the documents of the Ministry of Housing and Public Utilities and the employees of this department comply with the law, as well.
Sometimes it is called legal.
Clerical work
Since the workflow in such institutions is always very large, the importance of competent documentation also remains high. For this reason, professional secretaries, clerks, businessmen, administrators and other managers work here.
Regardless of how this post is named in a particular institution, the specialist will register all incoming documents, draw up outgoing papers. They will also fill out an archive, business correspondence will be conducted, telephone conversations are frequent. In cases where the housing and communal services does not need a large staff of employees, dispatchers and passports can deal with all these functions.
In any sphere of activity that the housing and communal services is engaged in - in transport, electricity, sewage - applications from tenants often come. In this case, the acceptance of the application is always recorded. A report on the actions taken is also registered, and protocols are formed.
As a rule, a separate journal is intended for fixing such information. Strict requirements are put forward for its design right up to how it should be stitched.
To keep paperwork simpler, it is important to first take measures to prepare documentation mock-ups. For example, employees of the service usually use ready-made forms and report forms.
Residential Department
An organization of this kind is impossible without a department for working with residents. Otherwise, they call it a passport office. Specialists issue it, change passports for the population. In addition, they draw up registration for citizens at a certain place of residence, issue certificates, extracts from house books. The passport office is subordinate to both the management company and the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The final structure will depend on how many specific functions the service performs. For the most part, there are three areas in housing and communal services - technical, financial and legal.
General structure
So, the standard structure of the institution includes: enterprises of water supply and sanitation, street cleaning, baths, swimming facilities. This group is called sanitary enterprises.
The next group is transport institutions that are responsible for the operation of buses, subways, trams and water transport in the village.
Allocate to the next group of enterprises for electricity and street lighting. These include CHP plants, power plants. This category also includes the gas services of housing and communal services.
There are also institutions responsible for the external improvement of settlements. They bear responsibility for the plumbing and sewage system, the prevention of landslides and other types of emergency situations related to water supply. They are engaged in maintaining the optimal condition of roads, bridges.
The utilities include hotels, an inventory of buildings, funeral services, and crematoriums. Another area of ​​activity is the maintenance of residential premises, to which the above communications are carried out.
Equipment
The normal activity of housing and communal services without appropriate equipment would have been impossible. Indeed, these services are entrusted with the task of maintaining roads in good condition at any time of the year. They provide uninterrupted supply of water, gas, energy to residential premises. Garbage is taken out by the same institutions, which means that without their effective activity the cities would literally get bogged down in it.
For these purposes, any fleet of housing and communal services contains special garbage trucks, water systems, hydraulic systems, brushes. When cleaning the streets, bulldozers and loaders are not enough. They are used in almost all cities of Russia because of the relatively low prices and reliability in use. For example, DZ-133 is common. He has a bucket and a blade.
Snowplows are popular that can cope even with large-scale debris. They throw away the fallen snow to the sides or immerse it in a separate machine.
Surely there are among the housing and communal services equipment in Russia and sweepers. Different models are purchased, their work is carried out according to two different concepts. If the machine is vacuum, it has its own vortex system. In the course of its activity, pollutants rise from the surface itself, and then are transferred to the working bunkers.
Household waste is often loaded and transported using a domestic machine model KO-427. Garbage is immersed in small containers, and unloading is carried out by means of a special ejector plate.
KamAZ trucks with pressing plates are also often used. They operate on the principle of a dump truck. In this case, the mechanism allows the regulation of engine speed. Due to this, pressing is carried out efficiently.
A very delicate area in the activity of housing and communal services using technology are considered to be sewage works. They are carried out by means of vacuum machines. For this purpose, both foreign MORO and Russian KOs are used. Canal washing operations are also performed by machines.
Hinged equipment allows repair and restoration of water supply systems. To ensure that pipes are effectively cleaned of greasy deposits, a transverse nozzle is used. It is also important to use special nozzles, pumps. They sometimes need to pump out water from wells or sumps. The most important point is the competent selection of brushes, because thanks to them, the work of the equipment becomes effective.
Since Russia is located in the northern territories, equipment is often used here to combat snow drifts. These are paw snow machines. As a rule, for each manufacturer, a technique that performs the same task varies significantly in terms of ideas and work technologies.
Objects and Innovation
Housing and communal services include directly residential premises of a certain site, hotels, not including tourist ones, hostels, pools, beaches. This also includes water, gas, and electricity supply facilities. Palaces of sports are also considered objects.
It is noteworthy that at the moment in the housing and communal services for the most part systems are used that have long been outdated. They are not talking about automation on them. At the same time, the development of automatic systems is ongoing, and their implementation is only a matter of time. So, at the moment, the introduction of modern methods of fulfilling duties by dispatchers has begun - it has become possible to control some elements through a tablet, smartphone, laptops. An important role is played by the protection of data transmission.
New web services are being developed for asset management companies that provide the most current information about the current state of the property. This moment is extremely important for the efficient operation of the housing and utilities sector and the timely response of services to all changes occurring at controlled facilities.
In some farms, the introduction of special remote dispatchers began, which were empowered to exercise control over the object, while making entries not only in the journal, but also in the electronic system. Thanks to this, all employees began to receive timely messages about what was happening.
These innovations lead to a more effective response, which means a significant reduction in housing and communal services while preventing an emergency. Fuel savings also occur, replacing equipment that has failed due to a violation of operating rules.
Similar systems are useful to ordinary residents. Indeed, many are interested in obtaining reliable data on the amount of electricity consumed and other benefits provided by the Criminal Code. All this information may be contained in web services. In this case, the most important moment will be ensuring the speed of such systems. After all, delays can provoke negative reactions. Web services must support multiple operating systems simultaneously. For these reasons, the introduction of services that allow residents to personally familiarize themselves with the data on the amount of water, electricity consumed in the premises, is only gaining momentum in a number of UK.
Interaction with owners
It should be borne in mind that utility bills differ from house to house, since each residential building requires its own maintenance costs. The total amounts are determined based on the general statement and estimates. In the calculations take into account the data of metering devices. The final cost is also affected by the number of services that were required for a certain time period.
The size of utility bills is initially set at a meeting of homeowners at a meeting with representatives of the management company. As a rule, the minimum period during which the established norm is valid is a year. Often there are cases when tenants decide to terminate the contract with the company, housing and communal services.
An agreement of this type is concluded with the Criminal Code by each owner of the living space separately, despite the fact that the management company as a whole is chosen by the council of owners. But sometimes the Criminal Code chooses a partnership of owners. In this case, the signing is carried out by the HOA. If the residential building belongs to the property of the municipality, the contract is signed by the authorities and the housing department.
The agreement lists the services provided by the housing and communal services to a particular house, the composition of the property, determines the procedure for paying utility bills, and fixes the rules related to supervision of the Criminal Code.
There are cases when there is simply no contract - no one has concluded it. In this case, this violation must be immediately eliminated. This situation leads to the fact that tenants are deprived of the right to demand reports from the housing and communal services on the elimination of certain shortcomings in the maintenance of housing. Such owners, who remained without an agreement with the housing and communal services, have the right to file an appeal with the State Housing Inspectorate, Rospotrebnadzor.
Problems and needs
The modern housing and communal services system continues to face problems that arose decades ago. At the moment, the processes of services are automated at a low level, because of this data exchange is often not efficient. As a result, the ability to use timely information received is also limited. , .
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According to official figures, municipalities simply do not have sufficient funds to resolve such issues. At the same time, the comfort of citizens, residents of apartment buildings, often suffers greatly due to poor-quality service.
In the official reports there is evidence that a positive result from the innovations of the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of the Housing and Utilities Sector is being observed, and yet the sphere needs many improvements. After all, the goal of improving the efficiency of the use of the resource base is still not set. Losses are not going down, and the level of housing improvement is not growing. And even if the house has recently been renovated, it does not meet modern requirements. And such a situation is found everywhere on Russian territory, residents of many regions live in similar houses.