Modern country suburban houses are rarely single-story, they mainly have two or three floors, if the building has only one floor, it is complemented by an attic.
The need to use stairs
In these cases, there is a need for quality movement between floors. The most successful solution would be the manufacture of a wooden staircase, with the help of which it will even be possible to lift heavy items of furniture or equipment. Carrying out such work can not be called a simple process, if it is possible to order a project, then experts advise to do just that. However, if you have carpentry skills and are completely confident in your abilities, then you can start manufacturing structures yourself.
Components of a wooden staircase
In order to understand how to make stairs yourself, you must first deal with the design features of the product and its main parts. Thus, the kosour is a supporting beam, which is designed to support the steps and steps from below. It is on this element that the whole load falls. The manufacture of spiral wooden stairs involves the use of a bowstring, which is necessary to perform the supporting-bearing function. In this element there are recesses into which the steps with their end part should be brought. A bowstring is not as preferable as a kosour, for the reason that it is not capable of undergoing heavy loads. Even if the staircase adjoins the wall, they still try to make it on the braces. Steps are wooden beams that include treads and risers. The former are horizontal, while the latter are vertical. A person will step on the surface of the tread with his feet. While the riser is a vertical beam located under the step. It encloses space and supports the structure. Quite often, stairs are made without using a riser, in which case the space will remain free, the leg will not rest, but the design in this case is not so reliable and durable.
For reference
If you will be manufacturing wooden stairs for the home, then you should take into account the moment that the steps can be radiused, rectangular, which looks very nice. Sometimes they are rotated at a certain angle to replace the dividing pad. If you want your staircase to look attractive, then you should choose the railing, which is represented by handrails and balusters. Their size and shape can be completely different. As a rule, these components are made to order in the form that the consumer wants to see.
If the staircase construction implies the presence of more than one march, then the pillar is used in the manufacture, which is sometimes replaced by pillars in those places where the staircase turns.
Tread width
Making wooden stairs with your own hands, the drawings of which you can prepare yourself or entrust the matter to professionals, provides for the correct determination of the width of the tread. According to the rules, the smallest tread width should be 22 centimeters, with regard to the maximum value, it varies from 37 to 40 centimeters. If this figure turns out to be less, then it will be rather problematic to go down; if it is more, then the step will go astray.
Design selection
The manufacture of a wooden staircase should begin with a choice of design features of the product. It is important to consider how much free space you have. Aesthetic considerations should be taken into account. Speaking conditionally, then all the stairs can be divided into marching and spiral, the latter variety is used quite rarely, mainly in cases where the space is extremely limited free space. Among other things, spiral staircases are not functional. If there is a need to bring heavy furniture, then it will be extremely difficult to do. It can be used exclusively for lifting or lowering one person.
What the master needs to know
To carry out manufacturing manipulations, it will be necessary to carry out rather complicated calculations, since the bearing will occur on one column, or rather, a support. The manufacture of wooden stairs can be carried out on the basis of the marching structure, which is the most common. The structure includes stairwells, steps and platforms, which are separated by a march.
Material preparation
The manufacture of a wooden staircase should begin with the purchase of lumber. To make kosour or bowstring, you need a beam, the cross section of which is 50 x 250 millimeters. The minimum width is 150 millimeters, which is true for the case when the design allows.
To make the approach, beams should be purchased, the minimum thickness of which should be 25 millimeters, and more massive material can be used. For treads, beams from 30 to 40 millimeters are best suited. The manufacturing technology of wooden stairs provides for compliance with certain rules. Thus, you can order balusters and handrails from the manufacturer or purchase ready-made. Some experts make them on their own, but it is quite difficult, for this you need to have certain equipment and experience.
Installation of kosourov and bowstrings
If you are going to make a wooden staircase, then the beam purchased for kosour must be cut from the top and bottom so that the desired length of the staircase is obtained. After that, the thickness of one tread, which will be 5 centimeters, should be cut from below. When calculating the number of treads, you can not take into account the thickness of the steps. It is not so important for the design, with the exception of the first stage, its height should be increased by the thickness of the tread. Wooden stairs, the manufacture of which you can produce yourself, provide for cutting an opening in a stringer for steps. On the construction square, it is necessary to note the height of the approach, and after that - the width of the tread, 4 centimeters should be taken from this value. Now, with a pencil, markup should be transferred to the inner base of the beam. The master should cut off the excess, for which it is best to use a saw or an electric jigsaw. However, if such tools are not available, then a hand saw can be used. If you decide to make a wooden staircase with your own hands, then you need to put the kosour in the place where the staircase will be located. Its upper edge should rest against the overlap, and the lower edge - on the floor of the first floor. Next, you should analyze how horizontally the cuts for the steps are located.
The nuances of the work
Kosourov will need two, however, depending on the loads that the staircase will have to undergo, there may be more. In this case, you will need to prepare the rest, using the first as a template. The entire surface should be treated with sandpaper. If necessary, the outer edges must be milled, making them rounded, so the design will look more aesthetically pleasing.
Above and below, the braids must be connected using a beam to each other. Why you should cut them a quarter above and below. Fastenings should be made to the thick beam using anchor bolts. If possible, braces should be fixed to the walls, while anchors will also need to be applied. When using one bowstring, it should be cut so that it finds the desired length. After inside, you need to make a drink with the help of a cutter, making holes that will become recesses for installing the steps. To the surface of the wall of the bowstring is fixed with anchors. The master must analyze how correctly the kosour and bowstring are located on the other hand, they should be on the same level, only in this way it will be possible to eliminate the slope of the steps.
Installation of risers and steps
Wooden stairs, the manufacture of which you can install yourself, involve tight fixing of the kosour, as soon as these manipulations have been carried out, you can proceed with the installation of the approach. For this, the beam must be sawn to the right number of risers of the desired length. These elements should be aligned relative to each other, and then sanded. Fastening should be carried out to the kosour using self-tapping screws, installing them on the front side. After that, the holes can be puttied or hidden using decorative elements. Some experts use special glue for this. When the risers are installed, you can proceed to the steps. To do this, cut the beam into the number of steps that is necessary. After that, the workpieces are milled. Then these elements are installed on top of the risers and fixed with screws, which are sometimes replaced with screws. If you use the bowstring on one side, treads will need to be inserted into the groove that is cut out in the bowstring. The edge of the step will first need to be smeared, like the holes in the bowstring.
Recommendations of specialists
The manufacture and installation of wooden stairs can be done by any home master, however, this should be guided by technology. Balusters should be installed on the steps, and then fixed with a hairpin of 100 mm length, the thickness of the fasteners should be 8 millimeters. From above are installed and fixed with the help of screws railing. On this we can assume that the work is completed, it remains only to paint the stairs. This will save wood, emphasizing its natural beauty. Quite often, specialists use transparent varnish coatings. So the product will look more natural. If the interior involves the presence of appropriate objects, the staircase will harmoniously fit into the space.