Sometimes the owners of private houses want to create a small extension to the finished building. This building is called a veranda. But as with the construction of any structure, special requirements must be observed. How to make an extension of the veranda to the house will be discussed later.
You can erect such a design with your own hands. But one should carefully study the construction technology, as well as recommendations for its decoration. The advice and recommendations of professionals will help to correctly carry out a number of upcoming work in accordance with existing standards. How to make a veranda to the house with your own hands? There are a number of nuances. You must familiarize yourself with existing requirements before starting work.
Features of the veranda
Such a structure as a veranda plays a special role in the operation of the house, as it is a transition between the room and the street. In a private house, making a veranda with your own hands is sometimes necessary. How to do it correctly so that it lasts for many years should be considered in detail. The construction of such a structure has differences from the construction of a terrace.
The veranda is a closed extension. It can be both large and small. If necessary, it can be insulated. This is the individual desire of each owner of the house. If it is made warm enough, then in the winter season it will be possible to spend evenings here with tea and sweets. In any case, this room will serve as a fencing area from the cold street air. Thus, the heat in the house will remain longer. And this will at least save heating costs.
Layout
The new facility will block the main entrance to the room and thereby ensure the comfort of spending time in it. He will also save heat in the house during the cold season. To do this, it is worth having a veranda attached to the house. How to make this room, prompt builders professionals. They say that you cannot attach a veranda from either side of the house. Otherwise, using it will be inconvenient. If it was created on the wrong side, in order to spend time in it, it will be necessary to walk along the street. In bad weather it will not be quite comfortable. And such a structure will already be considered an arbor or pavilion. Its immediate purpose is to close the entrance to the house and serve for its convenient operation. The secondary role of this extension is to create a place to relax.
When deciding on the size of the veranda, several points should be taken into account. For example, it is worth determining how much stock there is, how many people it should be designed for and how much is available for its construction. On average, a family of six has enough verandas of 3 × 4 m in size. At the same time, the dimensions of the veranda and their own home are compared. If it is large and two-story, then, of course, a small attached building to it will look inappropriate. If the structure is small, then you can build a veranda along the entire length of the house or erect a miniature veranda. This decision is made at the request of the owners.
Making an extension of the veranda to the house with the correct layout will not be difficult. It is necessary to take into account all the important factors of its operation in the construction process and thoroughly familiarize yourself with the recommendations of professionals about the nuances of upcoming work.
Getting permission
You also need to know that before you make a veranda to the house (you can see the photo in the article), you need to contact government agencies to legitimize this project. Otherwise, when it comes to inheriting or selling real estate, serious legal problems will arise. First you need to design a general view of the structure, then approve it in a specialized organization authorized to carry out such actions. Employees in this office will approve and finalize the drawing of the building in accordance with building codes. This project is confirmed and certified in the architectural department.
On average, this procedure with documents lasts about two months. It will be rational to deal with this issue in the winter season, so that in the spring it would be possible to begin the construction of the veranda.
Reviews of specialists about materials
In the free sale there are various types of materials that can be used in the construction of the veranda. The differences are in cost, appearance and life. You can even build an extension from ordinary plywood. This will be a fairly inexpensive option. In this case, it is necessary to erect a frame of metal profile. Sheets of plywood, plastic, as well as other inexpensive building materials are mounted on it. This is one of the most popular ways when owners decide what to make a veranda for home cheap.
The veranda built of brick or foam blocks will be strong enough and effective. You can also use natural stone or other block materials for walling. If the house is built of wood, then the veranda should also be erected from the same material.
Polycarbonate can also be used. These are quite durable sheets, and besides, they are cheap building material. They are resistant to climatic influences, are not afraid of the sun, hail, snow, rain, etc. The fact that it transmits light can also be attributed to the positive qualities of this material. And this means that in the daytime the room will be well lit. It will be rational to use sheets with a thickness of 15-19 mm for construction.
Veranda to the wooden house
It should also be noted that, as we said, an extension of the same material should be made to the wooden structure. In this case, timber, slats, boards and other similar materials are used. When deciding how to make a veranda for a wooden house, it should be remembered that the process should be started by linking the structure to the walls of the house. In the case when natural natural materials are used, the lower harness is initially made. According to this technology, the bars are attached using a direct lock. Upon completion of the laying of the second row, logs and vertical racks follow, which add stability to the structure. Then the structure is connected to the solid wall using fixing brackets, nails or self-tapping screws.
Bearing vertical racks must be installed at a distance of half a meter from each other. This interval is the most rational for ensuring the strength of the structure.
If you adhere to these recommendations in the process of working, delving into the question of how to make a veranda for the house, then this will not require significant efforts and costs. It is important to pay attention to the process of creating a roof and floor for the presented structure.
Preparatory work
A number of preparatory procedures should be performed before making the porch to the house with your own hands. Be sure to carry out this process in order to proceed with further construction work. The material to be used in construction must be pre-processed. If this is wood, then it will need to be impregnated with special antibacterial and fire fighting compounds. Metal materials should be treated with liquids against corrosion, then painted.
A site is allocated for the construction site, which should be in front of the front door. A visor is mounted on top of the front door and a porch area is prepared. The facade should be well cleaned after dismantling old, unnecessary structural elements.
Before entering, it is necessary to level the soil and clean it of various unnecessary elements. There should not be any debris, stones or green spaces in this area. If there are any seedlings, they should be removed.
Also, if there are any paved areas in front of the entrance, they will also need to be removed. You need to allocate a place on the site for building materials and equipment. They should be close by hand for the convenience of construction. This will reduce the area over which construction waste will be distributed, as well as the amount of time that builders will spend on moving between the construction site and the warehouse with purchased materials.
Construction tools
Make an extension of the veranda to the house, as to all other buildings, is possible only with the necessary tools. It must be prepared before the start of work, so that there is no hitch in the process of its implementation.
By the beginning of construction work, the following tools should be prepared:
- construction level (without it, making an even construction is simply unrealistic);
- roulette (best if it is comparable in length with the size of the planned building);
- grinder (when working with it, it is advisable to use a protective mask or glasses);
- shovel for digging a trench and pouring mortar;
- container for cement;
- cord;
- steel corner;
- electric drill;
- screwdriver;
- power saw;
- hammer and sledgehammer;
- ax.
Also required fasteners, such as nails, anchors, screws, screws, metal clamps.
Foundation Features
Studying the process of how to make a veranda in a private house, you should familiarize yourself with the recommendations and the rules for building the foundation. This is a very important structural part for any building. There are two types of foundations for the veranda. This is a columnar or tape version. The first of these foundations is considered more rational and in demand in the construction of such an object.
It is worth noting that the strip foundation needs to be tied to the main structure of the building. With such a combination, a mismatch in weight may be observed. The main structure will have more mass than the veranda. This can lead to deformation of the extension during shrinkage. Strip foundations, as a rule, are used mainly only for heavy buildings, in which materials with a sufficiently large weight are used. For example, for the construction of the roof, they take slate. Walls can be built of aerated concrete or brick. In this case, you need to use a solid foundation. Its depth corresponds to the level of the finished structure.
You should also make a small gap between the foundation of the house and the veranda in the amount of up to 4 cm. This small distance will prevent the deformation of the seam between the extension and the adjoining parts of the house. Using such a foundation requires less building material.
Strip foundation
It is quite difficult to make a veranda to the house, as to any building, if the master does not possess some special skills. However, a beginner will be able to cope with the task, if he devotes enough time to studying the methodology.
Construction should begin with the construction of the foundation. In the process of creating such a structure, a series of manipulations and alternate actions will be required. First of all, the marking of the site is carried out. Pegs or fittings are driven into the ground. With their help, the necessary dimensions of the room are indicated. A thread is pulled on them. After the markup is created, a trench is excavated. If necessary, the building can be connected (connected) using fittings with the old foundation of the house. Experts recommend driving it into the material of the old foundation by 20 cm.
It is necessary that the depth corresponds to the level of the foundation of the house. This rule must be taken into account when considering technology, how to make a veranda in a private house. The width of the trench should be 10-15 cm greater than the walls of the building. After that, a layer of crushed stone is poured to the bottom to 10 cm, which is then leveled. On top of it sand is poured, which is also leveled and rammed. Then the prepared base is covered with waterproofing. Following is the formwork. It is assembled from well-crafted boards that are installed in the trench and protrude to a height of 40 cm above the ground.
To strengthen the structure, the bottom layer is poured with cement mortar with the addition of gravel. It is leveled and left for three to four days to dry. If the weather is hot outside, then the surface must be watered. This is necessary so that the solution dries evenly and does not crack. Soon, it is necessary to fill in another layer of mortar with gravel. The topmost of them should consist only of concrete. When enough time has passed and it dries, the formwork is removed. After that, a layer of waterproofing is laid out on it.
Column foundation
We also consider how to properly make a veranda to the house on a columnar foundation. After marking the site, pits of 50 × 50 cm are made. Their recommended depth is about 1.2 m. Closer to the bottom, they expand. If the porch is small, then it is quite enough to make racks in the corners. If its dimensions are overall, then supports with a distance of 50-60 cm are installed.
First, gravel and sand up to 20 cm are poured into the finished pits. Waterproofing follows. A cement mortar with gravel is prepared and poured into a pit. It is necessary to let it dry a little and then install the pillar. If the structure consists of blocks, then bricks are used for this. And if there is a wooden house, a beam is used to create supports.
After the construction of the pillars is completed, they must be covered with a layer of waterproofing. The rough foundation of the veranda is lined with supports after carrying out all the above work. All the gaps that exist between the pillars and the ground are covered with soil. After that, the earth is carefully tamped.
Rough floor
Considering how to make a veranda to the house, it is worth paying attention to the process of creating the foundation of the future floor. How to mount it correctly? It is best to use expanded clay to fill the space under the floor. It serves as an excellent filler. This material is lightweight and has good thermal insulation performance. Then the frame is erected. Most often it is assembled from beams.
In the process of creating the lower harness, the beam is mounted on supports. Then connect it in the corners using special carpentry mounts. Also, for this procedure, special clamps, corners are used, so that the design is more rigid and stable.
It is recommended that before installing the lag, treat them with an antiseptic to improve performance during operation. The flooring is made from durable wooden boards, when all the beams are put on the supports. Their cross section is 5 × 15 cm. They are fastened with screws, nails, mounting corners. In the main beams, which are fixed on the racks of the foundation, make a recess in order to mount the flooring boards in them.
Frame and roof
How to make a roof porch? It will need to be properly attached to the house. To do this, you need to build a good and reliable frame. It is necessary to prepare a beam, the cross section of which is 10 × 10 cm. Next, it is connected to the base with the help of created cuts, which are placed with an interval of 50 cm.
Then the racks are mounted. They are fastened with nails and special metal brackets. Beams are installed on the assembled frame. Further, upper fixing of the structure is required. Near the slope of the roof of the house, a beam should be attached. Then all the racks of the timber are fixed to it with anchors.
If the veranda is dimensional and erected from blocks, then for better fixation around the perimeter of the walls a Mauerlat is attached from above. When the building is built of wood, the upper beam of the harness performs this function.
Floor finish
When building a room, pay sufficient attention to the finish of the floor. After the frame is made for the lower part of the room, a roofing cake is mounted. Only at the completion of these stages of construction is interior decoration completed. It will be necessary to properly process the walls, ceiling and floor. This should be taken into account when you need to make a closed veranda to the house. Like any construction, these processes should be carried out according to the established rules. Then the owners of the house will enjoy the long life of their structure. Since compliance with all standards will lead to high quality, reliability and long service of the veranda, they can not be neglected.
Logs must be placed perpendicular to the wall on the front side. They must be well fixed. The strength of the floor depends on this. Then the flooring is made, for which boards are used. This method will provide the premises with a reliable coating. The floorboard is assembled using the thorn-groove technology. Next, they are fixed on the logs using self-tapping screws.
This work should begin from the opposite side to the entrance of the room. . . 30 . , . , . . .
Warming
Simple expert advice will help even a layperson to complete all stages of the construction work correctly in order to create a durable, solid extension, following all the recommendations. The roof is built from the same material as the veranda itself. You also need to consider that it is best to carry out insulation work directly during the construction process.
It is better to finish the veranda with special thermal insulation, then it will be possible to spend time there in the winter. To do this, make a vapor barrier layer indoors. It serves to remove moisture from the room. Then, between the rafters, insulation is laid.
The best option is a material based on natural components. You can use both rolled and tiled mineral insulation. It has good air and vapor permeability. This helps moisture to escape, which protects the wood from destruction. Mineral wool is not subject to burning. Therefore, this is practically one of the best insulation options for wooden buildings.
This insulation is lined with waterproofing. Following do the crate. The interval between the rails depends on the width of the material that will be used as insulation. You can use metal roofing, decking, etc. on the roof.
To make a warm veranda to the house, as required by the norms, it is also necessary to insulate the walls and floor.
When creating this layer, it is not recommended to use artificial and combustible materials, such as polystyrene foam. It has low vapor permeability and creates the effect of a thermos. This material is suitable only for external insulation.
The floor finishing process must also be done correctly. After fixing the draft base, heat-insulating material and a vapor barrier layer should be installed. If the floor is not insulated, then heat loss will be significant, since a lot of heat goes through it. On the lower floor should be put 2-3 layers of insulation, alternating directions at an angle of 90 °. Expanded clay is also used in the process of creating the base, as mentioned above. It also serves as a heater. Then do the flooring.
When the walls begin to be insulated, vertical bars should be installed and fixed with self-tapping screws. A crate is also made. And between the vertical racks, the insulation is laid in two layers. Then a vapor barrier is applied. After this, the interior decoration of the walls is carried out. Choose the appropriate style of interior. After installing the door windows, you can use the veranda for its intended purpose.
conclusions
Having considered how to quickly make the veranda to the house, you don’t have to worry that the process will be long, laborious and will require large expenses (including time and effort). All work is done quite quickly and without difficulty, if you follow all the recommendations. And then the design will serve for many years for the benefit of its owners.