This article focuses on what types of text are.
Text is not a simple set of words. This is a certain number of proposals related stylistically and in meaning, revealing one topic and having a common integrity and structure. The main idea should be traced in the text, which in the final part should be brought to its logical conclusion. The text is of two types - oral (pronounced utterance aloud) and written (recorded utterance on paper or electronic media). In volume, it may consist of at least two sentences. In order to answer the question of what types of text are, it is necessary to reveal several common topics. Let's get started!
Parts of the text
One of the main components is the idea, which the author reveals in his creation, showing his attitude to the described subject. An idea can be reflected either in the title itself or in one of the semantic sentences of the text. An idea is, in a way, the very main idea for which the author created the text.
The theme is of utmost importance. Without expressing certain topics, the integrity and significance of the entire text will be lost. The result is an ordinary set of words and sentences that do not have a common meaning. The topic of the text is the main and single subject of discussion. It reflects the general content and plays the role of the semantic core. The value and importance of the finished text depends on how much a given topic will be covered.
The main topic in a large text can fall into a number of subtopics. They, in turn, are divided into paragraphs (microthemes), which often act as context. Context is a part of the text that is necessary to understand the meaning of the phrase included in it. In addition to its obvious meaning, a latent idea called subtext may occur in the text.
What is a composition?
Each text has a specific internal structure, or composition. Basically, the set of proposals consists of three parts that are interconnected, namely, the introduction, the main part and the conclusion. In the “Introduction” part, the main idea is voiced, the topic and problems are opened, which will be further resolved. Already, based on this part of this article, we can answer what types of text are. But perhaps we will not rush. The main part, which is the main one, contains the very development of the idea and idea of the text. It also reveals the main theme and thought, resolves all the problems voiced in the introduction. The conclusion suggests a logical conclusion to the main point. This part summarizes and draws conclusions. And when you can pick up a heading for the finished work that reflects all its contents, the text can be considered complete.
Structural parts
The text itself represents individual parts that are logically interconnected. These parts are called text units. The smallest unit is the proposal, which is considered the main structural element.
Groups of sentences are formed into such an element as fragments, they, in turn, are added into paragraphs with a complete sense. Larger structural elements - paragraphs, chapters and other sections - are highlighted graphically. All text units have a text-forming function. And to maintain structural and semantic unity helps chain or parallel interphrase communication, which is implemented in the form of repetition and listing, comparison and contrast, explanation and explanation, and so on. Therefore, the text has a certain structure, consisting of interconnected parts.
Very close we got to the answer to the question of what types of texts are.
What styles can be
According to the style of speech, they distinguish between spoken and book, the last of which is divided into: scientific style (educational literature), journalistic style (media, television), as well as official-business style (various types of documents) and artistic style (fiction). A distinctive feature of artistic stylistics is the ability to combine all of the above styles.
What types can be?
Using the type of speech chosen by the author to express his thoughts, the main goal is solved, for which this text was created. Functional-semantic types of texts are divided into narration, description and reasoning.
The “narrative” type is a story about interconnected events presented in a time sequence.
In the type of "description" there is a consistent characteristic and image of any objects, events, people or phenomena.
The type of "reasoning" is the study and study of certain objects, and the identification of their relationship. Here are some types of texts.
Characteristic of the “narrative” type
A hallmark of the most common type, in the first place, is the development of events at a certain time. Secondly, each narrative text has a structure in the form of a set of events, their development and denouement. Thirdly, the narration is conducted either from a third party, or from the first. Basically, the narrative uses verbs of the past tense (perfect form). Recall that the types of text are written a little higher, and in these paragraphs we dwell on each of them.
Description type characteristic
A characteristic feature of this type is the consistent characterization and disclosure of the characteristics of a particular person, object or event. It mainly lists the properties and features characteristic of the described object. The description uses constructs complicated by uniform definitions and additions. Metaphors, comparisons, and epithets are also used. The main task of the description text is to create an objective opinion and understanding of the subject.
Reasoning type characteristic
Reasoning has its own specific pattern and logical structure. First, the main idea is expressed, a hypothesis or thesis is formed. Then, in order to confirm or refute it, evidence and arguments are given. As a result, the ending of the text contains logically sound conclusions.
How to determine the type
Consider how to determine the type of text. Firstly, it is necessary to read it carefully, to understand its main purpose and main topic, to formulate the meaning of the content. See what questions the text answers. If this is a question what? Where? or when? - the story is in front of you, since its main purpose is to tell about the subject in time. If the text answers the question what? - this will be a description, since its main task is to describe the subject. If the question arises, why? as? or for what? - then this is reasoning, since it proves the point of view on the problem of the subject with reason. How to determine the type of text, understanding the main purpose of the content and focusing on the main tasks and signs of the texts? No difficulty! And, of course, pay attention to the main distinguishing features of text types.
So, a few sentences related to each other are text. And their types are divided into description, narration and reasoning and have boundaries between themselves very conditionally. What does this mean? Very often, for example, in the text there is a narrative with elements of description and (or) reasoning. This can be seen in such works as: “Monday begins on Saturday,” “Anna Karenina,” “Crime and Punishment,” “Transformation.” That is, a single work (especially an artistic one) in most cases can contain all semantic types of texts.