Successful development of the country and improvement of the quality of life of its citizens is possible only if the state pays attention to mass sport and healthcare. During the Soviet era, there were many programs that stimulated the participation of ordinary people in various competitions, encouraging them to maintain physical fitness and simply maintain an active and healthy lifestyle. The GTO complex was very popular. What is this, modern students no longer know. Today, physical education classes in educational institutions are held for show, many children are exempted from them for medical reasons. It’s not worth talking about adults at all, few of them are ready to go jogging or work out on the horizontal bar in their free time. The current situation in many respects affects demography. Thus, if in the very near future no effective measures are taken to involve all generations without exception in amateur sports, Russia may pass a critical mark, after which it will be impossible to restore lost ground.
Decoding abbreviations
TRP Three Caps - What is It? In fact, this abbreviation stands for "Ready for work and defense." This is a set of physical standards, the name of which already speaks about why he thought.
The paramount task of introducing the TRP into the life of Soviet people was to achieve mass interest in playing sports. At the same time, the complex was used as a universal evaluative mechanism, allowing to identify the most physically developed representatives of each generation, on which all the others should be equal.
It was considered very prestigious to receive a badge on the successful passing of established standards. Its owner enjoyed a number of official benefits and informal benefits. The abbreviation firmly entered the everyday language of people, and therefore its decryption was not required. The TRP has for many years been a symbol of the sporting superiority of the USSR over other states.
The advent of the TRP
May 24, 1930 is rightfully considered to be the day of the birth of this sports and fitness movement. It was then that the first materials on this important issue were published in the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda. In particular, it was supposed to develop a single criterion for assessing the physical fitness of people of each generation. The best in each age group, having fulfilled certain physical standards, should have received special badges.
The Soviet public enthusiastically supported the Komsomol initiative, so already at the beginning of 1931 the first GTO complex was developed. The program, compiled by the All-Union Council of Physical Culture, after discussion in party organizations was adopted with little or no amendment.
The history of the development of the TRP
Initially, a system of physical standards was developed for two main categories. The first of them were students in grades 1-8, divided into 4 age levels. The rest of the population over 16 fell into the 2nd group, in which there were 3 sublevels.
The passage of the TRP very quickly became an important part of the life of a large number of people. Therefore, it was necessary to maintain the complex up to date. His changes were made many times. The most important of them are dated 1940, 1947, 1955, 1965 and 1972.
In the light of the initiatives of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin to revive mass sports, the latest amendment is of most interest. As it became known, the 2014 TRP standards will largely be based on what has been developed in this area by 1972.
If we consider this stage of development of the complex, then it was divided into 5 age categories, each of which had its own name. Children aged 10 to 13 years belonged to the 1st stage - “Brave and dexterous”. Then there was the "Sports shift", which included boys and girls 14-15 years old. The program, designed for boys and girls who are not yet 18, was called "Strength and courage." TRP standards for men from 19 to 39 years old and women from 19 to 34 years old belonged to the 4th stage - “Physical Excellence”. Finally, the 5th category - "Vigor and health" - was intended for people of pre-retirement age, devoted to sports.
Soviet standards of the GTO complex
What is it - get the coveted badge? Modern youth, most likely, will not be able to understand this. To achieve this goal it was necessary to make tremendous efforts. The figures speak most eloquently of this.
The set of standards for boys and girls from 10 to 13 years old consisted of 7 categories, mandatory for delivery, and 6 additional ones, from which several could be chosen at will. Indicative and individual requirements. A boy of 12 years, for example, had to be able to pull himself up at least 5 times, and girls of the same age crawl along a rope of 2.8-3.5 meters.
When moving from one age category to another, the number and complexity of standards increased, only the successful completion of which brought the applicant a gold or silver badge. Specialized areas of training, such as throwing a training grenade and shooting with a small-caliber rifle, are noteworthy. Sandwich women courses were also included in the TRP standards for women, at their request. Therefore, the abbreviation not in vain called for being prepared not only for work, but also for defense.
TRP 20 years later
In 2013, the President of Russia touched on the revival of the TRP course in the country. Nobody will argue that this will be useful for physical preparation and patriotic education, but questions arise about the form in which all this will be realized.
At the moment, it is only known for certain that the number of age steps will increase to eight. Their names have much in common with 1972: “Play and Move” (6-8 years), “Everyone Starts” (9-10 years), “Bold and Dexterous” (11-12 years), “Olympic Hopes” (13 -15 years), “Strength and grace” (16-17 years), “Physical perfection” (18-29 years), “Joy in motion” (30-39 years), “Health and longevity” (from 40 years and older). Thus, absolutely anyone can check their strength.
If we compare the standards themselves, then they could not do without innovations. Progress does not stand still, and therefore it was decided to replace the small-caliber rifle with an electronic one. The program itself was supplemented by exercises such as a kettlebell jerk, flexibility testing, a triple jump from a place and lifting the body from a supine position in 1 minute.
Physical development of students
TRP standards for schoolchildren should contribute primarily to strengthening their health, and only then the development of special sports skills. New realities cannot be reflected in children who, for whatever reason, are behind in physical development. Therefore, the incentive system for teachers who have more students successfully pass the standards should in no case be applied. Additional stresses on an insufficiently prepared organism can lead only to negative consequences.
Principle of voluntariness
TRP - what is it? Why is it needed? Young people ask about these questions when they first hear about the revival of this complex. Many are also afraid that the initiative will develop into a “commitment”.
In fact, the TRP of the new model will be built exclusively on a voluntary basis, that is, only those who want it will pass the standards. But in order to have as many as possible, the state will take a number of measures motivating sports. These include, for example, rewarding with a special badge, material incentives, and the provision of benefits for visiting sports facilities and facilities. By decision of the employer, the employee may also be paid a special bonus and additional days of vacation.
Mass sports in the workplace
If everything is clear with the introduction of a voluntary-compulsory GTO complex in educational institutions and budgetary organizations, the situation with private companies is somewhat different. How will the state motivate entrepreneurs to compensate part of the cost of going to sports after hours to their employees? This question is under development. Perhaps the state will fully take on the material issue. Moreover, almost 2 billion rubles were allocated for the implementation of the updated TRP.
The experience of Yaroslavl and Krasnodar
The development of a new GTO complex was entrusted to the sports committee of the Krasnodar Territory. According to his first report, 60 thousand children were able to pass the established standards for receiving a bronze, silver or gold badge. This is a very good indicator, which in the future only needs to be improved.
One of the first regions in which, on its own initiative, it was decided to revive the Soviet experience of the TRP, became the Yaroslavl region. They note that about 55% of the population expressed a desire to test their strength. The main share of “pioneers” was made up of schoolchildren, pupils and students. In the 2011-2012 academic year, a kind of record was set: more than 9 thousand students received well-deserved badges.
Tasks and prospects
The main goal of the revival of the TRP is to popularize sports and increase the number of citizens leading an active and healthy lifestyle. In the future, by 2020, the proportion of people who successfully pass the standards will be about 20%. A quarter of the total
working-age population will be interested in physical education at the place of work. It is planned to equip more than 60% of universities with modern sports facilities and stadiums, on the basis of which clubs, clubs and sections will be created. People with disabilities will not be left without attention. To attract them to active physical education in the future, it is planned to create an analogue of the TRP.