Almost any house, whether it is built of brick or wood, needs insulation. This is especially true for the area of the ceiling through which a lot of heat leaves. As thermal insulation, you can use mineral wool, polystyrene or sawdust. In some cases, the insulation is carried out using a mounting foam from the inside. You can also insulate the attic. But first you need to get acquainted with the technology.
Material selection
The wooden ceiling needs to be insulated. Additionally, you will have to use vapor barrier, which can be represented by a plastic film. In a private house, the vapor barrier must have a sufficiently high density and be adjacent to the beams and ceiling. In the role of insulation are:
- penoplex;
- expanded clay crumb;
- Styrofoam;
- sawdust.
All heaters have their own characteristics and properties. The most popular solution is ecowool. It is represented by crushed cellulose and is made with the addition of refractory and antiseptic substances. This material has excellent soundproofing properties. The ecowool is whipped before use, and then tamped to prevent further shrinkage.
Features of mineral wool
Do-it-yourself ceilings in a wooden house can be insulated with mineral wool, which is made on the basis of mineral rocks. This material is not flammable and does not support the combustion process. Mineral wool is characterized by hygroscopicity and high elasticity. This affects low susceptibility to shrinkage. You can also use this thermal insulation for warming a wooden floor. Mineral wool is not exposed to rodents and insects, because it is inedible. This can not be said about sawdust.
Modern foam
If you want to choose a modern solution, then you should pay attention to penoplex. It is an extruded expanded polystyrene foam, which is used to insulate the ceiling from the inside. The material has low thermal conductivity and is characterized by environmental safety. It has a unique structure of small cells of a closed type. Their diameter can vary from 0.1 to 0.22 mm. Penoplex has almost zero water absorption. It is resistant to the harmful effects of fungus and mold.
Positive features
Plates cope well with prolonged mechanical stress. They have a high level of safety and environmental friendliness. Products are equipped with an edge that facilitates installation work. Plates have a rough surface, which contributes to excellent adhesion to finishing materials. Penoplex is easy to install, because you can cut it into separate pieces with a construction knife. You can do the installation work yourself. The humidity level in the room will not be able to affect the change in the technical characteristics of the material.
Carrying out foam insulation
Warming of a wooden ceiling can be done with foam. The material has a minimal weight and almost does not absorb moisture. But it also has its drawbacks, for example, flammability and the emission of toxic smoke when exposed to a flame. The technology for the production of foam does not stand still - today you can find fireproof samples on sale.
The material also has a high degree of fragility. It is often attacked by insects and rodents. Laying should be carried out on an insulated film surface. You can use glassine as a protection. It is important to exclude the formation of gaps. Gaps and joints should be repaired.
If you have a question about how to insulate a wooden ceiling, you will need to strengthen the insulation boards with slats. From above everything is sprinkled with expanded clay crumb. Such a "pie" will provide a reliable degree of protection of structures from winter cold. Slots and gaps are filled with foam. If this was not possible, a layer of expanded polystyrene can be laid on top, which is applied on top of the glassine.
Effect enhancement
In order to enhance the effect, you can use additional layers of mineral wool. If you want to use granular polystyrene foam, you can combine it with other heaters. This thermal insulation is more expensive than regular polystyrene foam, but its quality is quite high. For thermal insulation, you can also use expanded clay chips, which quite effectively retains heat.
Material combination
Expanded clay is not exposed to ignition and differs in the long term of operation. If you combine foam and expanded clay chips, you can save money. Warming a wooden ceiling with your own hands, you should pay special attention to the tightness of those places where the foam is adjacent to the ceiling beams.
Insulation with sawdust and cement
The ceiling can be insulated with a sawdust-cement composition. To carry out the work you will need:
- glassine;
- sawdust; cement.
Instead of glassine, you can use any other sheet material for insulation. The amount of sawdust is quite simple to calculate. To do this, the ceiling in a wooden house should have a layer thickness of 20 cm. The area must be divided by 5. As a result, you will get a cubic meter of filler.
To prepare the cement mortar, you will need to add one part of cement and 10 parts of water. There should be so much liquid that 10 buckets of sawdust take away one and a half buckets of water. You should get a wet mixture that will solidify quickly.
The ceilings in a wooden house, photos of which you can see in the article, can be insulated with sawdust, which is at least a year old. They should not exude a moldy smell, should remain dry at the time of commencement of work. Do not take too small filings, otherwise cement will need more, and the thermal insulation properties of the layer will deteriorate. It is better to start work in the warm season, so that by the fall of excess moisture from the solution has evaporated.
Technology of work
A wooden ceiling, like any other, needs to be insulated. If you decide to use the technology based on sawdust and cement, then you must follow the technology, which involves the processing of wooden floor structures with drugs against fungi and microorganisms. The next step will be the laying of sheet waterproofing material. Next, you can begin to prepare a cement-sawdust mixture. After mixing, it is scattered on the surface.
The insulation layer needs to be slightly condensed, for this you just need to walk around. After setting, the material must not slip. He will emit a soft crunch. This method of insulation is relevant for those homeowners who have direct access to the attic space.
Ceiling Finish: Using Plaster
After completing the construction of the house, you can think about the interior decoration. The market today presents a huge variety of materials, but one of the old and affordable is plaster. The process of applying the mixture can not be called simple, but you can still cope with it. If you have ever done such work, then you must have encountered the fact that the composition does not hang on the ceiling and falls off in pieces. In order to avoid such troubles, it is necessary to use some tips.
For example, the solution may not hold for the reason that it does not have sufficient elasticity and stickiness. In order to fix this, the solution is mixed as follows: 3 parts of sand and a quarter of clay should be taken for 1 part of cement. If you prefer to measure in buckets, then for 3 buckets of sand you will need a quarter of a bucket of clay and one bucket of cement.
Alabaster can act as a plasticizer. It can be prepared as follows: to half a bucket of alabaster, you need to add water and mix the solution. It is necessary to act quickly, because the composition can catch up. At the next stage, you can start plastering. It is necessary to act in 2 stages. In the first, a solution is poured onto the ceiling to fill voids and crevices. The second layer will allow you to wipe the surface.
To apply the composition to the wooden ceiling in the first stage, you need a tool called a falcon. It is an aluminum sheet with a handle in the center. It is necessary to apply the composition to the working surface, and after the middle trowel, spread the solution over the ceiling. The mixture is leveled, you must fill all the voids.
If the ceiling is made of shingles, then it can protrude from under the solution. There is nothing to worry about, since the grout will block the defects. In the next step, the wooden ceiling, covered with the first layer of plaster, must be left until setting. This will take about 12 hours, but the stage can take up to a day. Then you can start grouting. In this case, the same falcon is used, on which the solution is superimposed. The spatula in this case should be slightly wider. They apply the composition to the ceiling, but you should try to close the entire shingle, if any.
Once the mixture has been applied to 2 square meters, it is necessary to wipe it with a grater. It is necessary to move the working part of the tool in a circle. The grater is wetted in water - it’s easier to work. After the mixture has set, it will quickly absorb moisture from the second layer, so the second layer should not have too much volume. The final layer will be putty, which is finally finally fixed with a water-based emulsion.
Beam Ceiling: Preparation
Looking at photos of wooden ceilings, you can pay attention to those that are decorated with beams. If you also decided to use such a technology, then first you need to prepare the surface. It is cleaned of old decorative coatings. Stains of mold, rust and fungus are treated with a special primer, otherwise in the future defects will appear on the new finish. Large cracks and cracks are sealed with cement-based putty. The coating is primed with an antiseptic composition.
You can even the base with plaster, which is true if the irregularities start from 5 cm. If they are minimal, then you can use the starting putty. If you want to know how to make a wooden ceiling and decided to decorate it with beams, then at the next stage it is necessary to prime the surface and paste it over with fiberglass.
Next, a layer of finishing putty is applied, which is left to dry. Roughnesses must be sanded with fine-grained sandpaper. Further, the surface is impregnated with an acrylate primer.
Beam Installation
The base of the ceiling elements will be natural wood, which has a rather impressive weight, so it is important to ensure reliable fixation. Finished beams are sold in the store, but you can make them from a beam yourself. The ends of the elements are adjusted using a planer and polished with fine-grained paper for a snug fit.
The bars are attached to the side panels using self-tapping screws. Finishing the wooden ceiling in the next step involves fixing the lower element. To do this, drill a hole in the bars at a distance of 20 cm. For reliability, at the joints, the wood is coated with wood glue. All parts are connected by self-tapping screws, in the process you need to try to form a U-shaped false beam.
On the surface of the ceiling, bars should be fixed, the distance between which will be 0.5 m. The width of the bar should be equal to the internal size of the emptiness of the box. Fastening the beam to the bars is carried out with self-tapping screws, while the caps should be deepened inward. Places of recesses are filled with putty, which has the color of wood. Next, you can proceed to the decoration of the ceiling element.
If you want to decorate the ceiling with wooden beams, you should try not to damage the finish when painting the beam. To do this, joints with a ceiling are covered with masking tape.
Finally
A wooden house, in spite of the fact that it is warm enough, needs thermal insulation. For this purpose, you can use different materials such as mineral wool, sawdust or clay. Some use straw and expanded clay. But the decoration of wooden ceilings can be made using different materials. At the stage of choosing one of them, you should consider how important the cost and environmental friendliness are to you.