Petersburg shines with architecture and secrets. There are no historical places in the city - grandiose palaces keep the secrets of coups and amorous passions. Avenues and streets remember how carriages raced along the cobblestones or how cars broke in on the ice of Lake Ladoga that took the children away from the blockade, and then Victory came along the same roads. There are places in St. Petersburg whose historical name and purpose have never changed - these are markets. One of them is the Hearty Market.
How did
At the request of Peter I for the construction of St. Petersburg "working people" were brought from all over Russia. They settled closely, according to nationality, religion or fraternity. So, behind the Kronverk of the Peter and Paul Fortress, next to the Goat Swamp, a Tatar settlement appeared, where Tatars, Kazakhs, Turks and other ethnic groups who profess Islam lived. There were no houses, in the Russian sense, but yurts were everywhere. Infrastructure was supplemented by a bazaar where they did not sell food, but finished food.
They sold it late in the evening, when people pulled themselves up after work to home. Lively trade was conducted from pavilions, stalls, taverns and peddlers. St. Petersburg was built, but many of its builders settled down and stayed to live in a settlement. Now, on the site of the yurt, Tatar Lane is laid and the Cathedral Mosque rises . Initially, the Tatar market was located on Troitskaya Square, but after the fire of 1711 it was transferred to the outskirts, where it was fixed.
Where did the name come from
What was the name of the St. Petersburg Hearty Market? Initially, it bore the inconsistent, but exact name - Glutton, the people simply called Obzhorka. They traded delicious fresh food at the market, which was gladly bought not only by Tatars and Kazakhs, but all St. Petersburg people, boyars, merchants and the new aristocracy, which often appeared thanks to the “social elevator” and with the light hand of the tsar. After being approved in a new place, the market has acquired a new name over time.
The interpretation of the name “Full market” has a mythological and logical origin. According to St. Petersburg myths, the first governor of St. Petersburg, the most venerable prince Alexander Menshikov, who sincerely loved rabbit pies, often visited the market. Self-buying from the merchants a treat, he ate them right there, saying: “How satisfying!”
A logical explanation of the name has several options. According to one of them, it appeared due to the trade of “full” - water sweetened with honey. According to the second version, flour was sold on the trading floor, previously sifting it through sieves, which were sold right there. There is one more explanation - chintz was traded in the malls, where the first name came from - "Sitka market", old-timers still use this name. One way or another, over time, the name “Full”, habitual for contemporaries, took root and became the official name of the very first St. Petersburg market.
Not a single trade
For nearly 150 years, the marketplace Sytny served as a place of public executions, but it all began during the reign of Anna Ioannovna, who gave the honor to execute and pardon in the hands of her favorite Biron. Executing executions in a public place became a tactic of intimidation, they were made indicatively. Each time a new scaffold was built, which was then burned, often together with the executed one.
Executions were carried out both indicative and almost imperceptible. One of the most dramatic sentences the Full Market saw on the day of the execution of A.P. Volynsky and his associates (June 27, 1740). The reason for the arrest and subsequent reprisal was a conspiracy pursuing the restriction of monarchy, the removal of foreigners from government posts and the nomination of leading Russian guardians for the Russian government. According to Volynsky and his comrades, the reign of Anna Ioannovna ruined the country, and German proteges tore the economy to pieces, plunging the state and people into poverty and dependence.
The violence was brutal. Volynsky was executed by chopping off his tongue, hands and head, his daughters were sent for tonsure in monasteries, and his son was assigned to Siberia so that he could be sent to soldiers in Kamchatka from the age of 15. All property was assigned to the royal favorites. Together with Volynsky Khrushchov and Eropkin were executed. Saimonov, Musin-Pushkin were exiled to mines in Siberia, and Eichler in the Solovetsky monastery.
The memory of those executed was preserved where there used to be a cemetery of Sampson Cathedral, and then a park was built. The obelisk of 1885 and is now intact, the names of the dead are stamped on it. The last civil execution on the frontal seat of the Sitka Market occurred on December 14, 1861. On that day, Mikhail Illarionovich Mikhailov, who dared to urge young people to revolution and overthrow the monarchy, was convicted, there was no massacre. The verdict was announced at five in the morning, a sword was broken over the captive’s head and sent to serve his sentence in Siberian mines.
19th century
The satisfying market has lost its frontal place and part of its territory in connection with the arrangement of the Alexander Park. Nothing reminds of the place of announcement and enforcement of sentences. Now here, at about the same place, the Music Hall and the Baltic House Theater are located.
The Petersburg side at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was a prestigious place and was inhabited mainly by poor people, built up spontaneously, which made it more like a slum.
Vices flourished here, and most recently, in 2014, mass graves were found on the former territory of the market, the foundation of the Lutheran church dating back to the 18th century, the study of finds continues. A new life, at the end of the 19th century, the Hearty Market (St. Petersburg) received along with the construction of the Trinity Bridge.
20th century
After the construction of the longest, at that time, bridge across the Neva, the Petersburg side became a fashionable place for the intelligentsia and aristocracy. Over the course of a dozen years, numerous stone residential and public buildings have been built, creating a unique architectural image of the Silver Age. St. Petersburg Hearty Market received a new building at the very beginning of the 20th century. The aristocratic gloss in the Art Nouveau style was given to the architects Marian Lyalevich and Marian Peretyatkovich.
The new market building was opened in 1913. But to develop in full force, the entire trading infrastructure was not destined. The First World War came, food stalls were scarce. The approaching revolutionary ideology, and with it poverty, brought the card system of distribution of products, which continued until the mid-30s. Sitny Market was closed immediately after the 17th year. The reopening took place only in 1936, when the card system was canceled.
Modernity
The satisfying market today requires reconstruction and restoration. According to the new city requirements, its area should be at least two hectares, but the closure does not threaten the historic building. In 2014, the building of the Sytinsky market was included in the register of architectural monuments, which became a title of protection. Now there will be no superstructures above the building, and another parking lot will not be torn under the foundation.
Inside the building, almost everything remained intact: the railing of the upper gallery is still elegant, the light from the south side still provides additional lighting. All traces of the “European-quality repair” are easily dismantled, but the process is still in the planning stage.
In 2010, the hearty market celebrated its three hundredth anniversary. It still remains one of the largest markets on the Petrograd side. In addition to food, in the shopping arcade you can buy household items, clothes, animal feed and almost everything you need for home and family.
Helpful information
The total floor space of the rich market is almost 2600 square meters. meters, where 524 outlets are located, the annual sale of products is about 12 thousand tons. Trade is conducted daily from 08:00 a.m. to 19:00 p.m. Once a month, a sanitary day is held, it falls on the last Sunday of each month.
Always glad to customers a satisfying market. His address: Sytninskaya Square, building 3-5. Nearest underground station: Gorkovskaya.