Russian seaports are scattered in 3 oceans and 12 seas and on the shores of the world's largest lake - the Caspian Sea. Their total cargo turnover averages at least half a billion tons per year. The figure is impressive, but compared to other ports in the world, this is not much. The reason for this is a number of problems that Russian sea ports are experiencing. But about them later.
Large river ports
The river ports of Russia are based on 28 rivers of the country, the largest of which are the Lena, Neva, Volga, Amur. In addition to transporting industrial materials, they are also transport hubs through which passengers are transported.
The river ports of Russia do not function independently. Successful work is ensured by interaction with other modes of transport, and especially with trains and truck wagons.
The European part of Russia is provided by the Northern Dvina. Forest transportation is carried out on it on a large industrial scale. Such cargo is sent to Arkhangelsk and Kotlas, where there are woodworking plants and warehouses in which the goods are procured for export.
Eastern Siberia concentrated most of the river traffic in Norilsk. Far Eastern highways are based on the Amur River and tributaries. The basis of the entire flow of goods is petroleum products, goods for the food industry, timber and coal.
Building materials travel along the Volga-Baltic Canal or the White Sea-Baltic Canal to St. Petersburg, and iron ore is delivered to the Cherepovets Plant.
The Ob, Lena, Amur and Yenisei rivers were replaced by rail in those areas that are poorly provided with gauges. They specialize in the transportation of petroleum products, automobiles, metal products. For some cities, if you do not take into account air transport, this is the only way to communicate with the outside world.
Arkhangelsk River Port
Arkhangelsk River Port was founded in 1961. During the Soviet Union, it was actively developing. Decline underwent the collapse of the Union and up to 2011, until it became part of the Ecotek. First of all, the emphasis was on the extraction of sand.
In approximately two years, production volumes increased to 2 million tons. The total turnover of goods reached more than three million tons per year. The achievement is the transition to round-the-clock service, and paperwork is simplified - all the necessary papers are prepared in one place, without running around the offices.
A security system has also been established. Round-the-clock video monitoring and the presence of constant security guarantees the safety of transport and cargo.
Summer navigation provides passenger transportation. At the service of the population - 9 motor ships. Routes relate to domestic traffic.
Cargo transportation is carried out in European countries, as well as on Solovki and other regions of the country.
Among the problems is the underdeveloped infrastructure, as the port was desolate for a long time, as well as the low permissible draft of vessels - up to 5 meters. Although management assures that such shortcomings will be corrected in the near future.
Yakutsk river port
The northern ports of Russia in their list have one of the largest - the Yakutsk river port. Founded in 1959, throughout its entire history, it has fulfilled an important mission - it provides Yakutia and the surrounding areas with national economic products.
Also, the Yakutsk river port provides passenger traffic. An equally important part of his work is the delivery of cars, metal products, coal, building materials to the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The port also provides services for the processing of incoming cargo, having a number of enterprises working for it. It follows that it provides jobs for a large part of the population.
The list of port services also includes mining and production of building materials.
Krasnoyarsk river port
Eastern Siberia also boasts a port on its territory, which is one of the largest ports in Russia. He is also the largest company specializing in cargo handling in the Yenisei basin.
The location of the port makes it one of the most important components of the Siberian transport interchange. It is located at the intersection of many airways, through it passes the legendary Trans-Siberian Railway, highways.
The average throughput line is about 30 thousand tons per year. The Krasnoyarsk river port is engaged in cargo transshipment, cargo transportation, and passenger transportation.
Large seaports
As already mentioned, the cargo turnover of all seaports in Russia is more than half a billion tons per year, which is several times more than the average figure 10 years ago. This was made possible thanks to modern technologies for loading and unloading ships and a warehouse system at ports.
The championship laurels in freight turnover are occupied by the Black Sea basin. The bulk of the cargo is food products, metal. Also in the first place are the ports for passenger traffic. This is due to the resorts, of which there are many in the Black Sea basin. The sea gates of this basin are the largest ports in Russia.
The first in foreign trade was the Baltic basin. The ports of Russia on the map cannot boast of such an enviable geographical position as those located within this basin.
Northern ports provide transportation of oil products, minerals, forests.
The only problem experienced by the old and new ports of Russia is the low cargo turnover in general and the shallow water of the majority.
Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port
The largest ports of Russia on the map can be found within the Black Sea basin. One of these is the Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port.
It works around the clock and year-round, which is facilitated by its geographical position - it is located in the ice-free part.
One of the oldest ports, it initially specialized in receiving and sending goods for trade with other regions and countries. Since the mid-19th century, cargo turnover was not more than 8 thousand pounds. Mainly specialized in shipping food and tobacco.
The construction of the railway helped to significantly increase volumes. Over time, a system for unloading and loading bulky goods was also established. The storm protection system, as well as an established security system, made the port a major shopping center.
Sea commercial port of Primorsk
It is the oil capital of all ports in the country. Although his story gained momentum only in 2002.
The reason for the failure for him was the lack of direct land routes to the port. And the collapse of the Soviet Union only exacerbated the crisis. The construction of the Baltic Pipeline System has made the port a major oil loading station. Since the beginning of 2002, freight turnover averaged about 70 million tons of oil and diesel fuel.
Conclusion
The river ports of Russia are located in 17 basins, which indicates a developed system of communication between cities. In some cases, they serve as the best means of transportation and transportation of goods, as a relatively inexpensive form of crossing, as well as one that is most convenient to carry bulk items.