Drilling a well in a summer cottage is an excellent solution. The thing is that connections to centralized water supply are most often either not available at all, or involve rather large expenditures of material resources. To take water with you or to take it, for example, the neighbors also will not work, because even for domestic needs it will need a lot. From all this, the conclusion follows that to drill a well in the area is the only way out. However, this does not mean that he is bad.
What you need to know to carry out the work?
Before you start independent drilling, you will have to dig deeper into the theory. Firstly, there are several types of water wells, which already obliges a person to figure out which one he needs on his site. Secondly, there are different terms, as well as the rules of "sinking" and "strapping", which also have to be taken into account and know. Only after studying the main points, it is worth deciding to drill a well.
Varieties
As mentioned earlier, there are several types. There are three of them, and they depend on two parameters: the depth of the aquifer and the conditions of its occurrence.
The first layer is called the tip. It is located closest to the ground. However, it is worth noting here that most often this layer is attributed to soil water. This means that the layer is unstable, and can also be significantly contaminated, and therefore its use for both drinking and domestic needs is not suitable. The depth of this layer is not more than 4-5 meters.
The second type is sandy water horizons. To drill a well to this layer means to go deeper into the ground by at least 7-10 meters. It is also worth noting that these waters can be separated by a waterproof layer of clay that divides the liquid into several sections. In most cases, such water is already quite filtered, and therefore it can be used. If it is necessary to obtain suitable water offline, then it is worth drilling a well specifically for this layer. We can add that it is precisely on him that they are oriented in most cases. The depth of this liquid layer can reach 50 meters.
The third type is the artesian layer. It is located under rather thick layers of waterproof clay, in the thickness of porous limestone. The most distinctive feature is that the liquid flows here under such a pressure, which is quite enough to independently get to the surface. In other words, if you drill an artesian well, then there is no need to install pumping equipment. In addition, the amount of water is quite enough for several houses at once, and not for one. The service life of one well is about 50 years.
Drilling or digging a well?
No matter how attractive the artesian type well is, drilling it on its own will not work, since the depth and very thick layers of the rock will not allow it to reach it. Here you will need a team of specialists with heavy equipment. Therefore, this option is not considered.
It is also worth noting that, despite the difficulties encountered during drilling, this is a more acceptable option than digging a well. The most significant reasons for this state of affairs were the following facts: the water in the well is more prone to blooming, pollution and the emergence of pathogenic bacteria.
Work Methods
So, if the task is to drill a well for water, then appropriate equipment is needed to make a vertical depression in the soil of sufficient width and length for water production. Today there is a large number of various equipment and methods of work. Therefore, you must first consider all the possibilities, and then get to work.
Screw technology
Auger drilling technology is the simplest way to equip a well, in terms of cost. It uses a drill with sharpened blades, which is screwed into the ground at the right angle. It is important to note that after passing a certain section, it is necessary to get the drill out of the pit in order to clean its blades of adhering dirt, which will interfere with the work. It is also worth adding that the number of links on the tool depends on the depth of the well.
Drilling a well for water using this technology is the easiest method. This is due to the fact that it is possible to carry out all the work manually, and you can also use even home-made mini-towers. These are small tripods that have a fixed drill. The most important detail in such a process is to provide for the presence of a lever that will allow either manually or mechanically to raise the drill back to clean. It is almost impossible to do it yourself without such a device.
However, this method, of course, is not without drawbacks. The main thing is that during drilling it is necessary to strictly observe the vertical level, otherwise it will be impossible to conduct a normal piping, and shrink pipes will also be deformed.
Application of MGBU
How to drill a water well with your own hands, following all the rules? In some cases, a small-sized drilling rig (MGBU) is used. This device has an extremely simple configuration. It includes a metal frame on which a mechanical movable mechanism is mounted, transmitting the rotational moment of the drill string. This design is already able to solve some problems. It will be possible to avoid deviation from the vertical. In addition, the mechanism will provide a smooth rise and lowering of the drill, which will provide effort to create a well, as well as eliminate the need for an additional mechanism for lifting the device.
Most often, such installations are used only if the soil is soft enough and the depth is shallow. In other cases, the MGBU has some disadvantages:
- It is difficult for such equipment to cope with hard layers of clay, with hard rocks, as well as a layer of stone.
- Sometimes drills are used, which have a special soldering to pass such obstacles. However, in most cases, you just have to change the place and start all over again.
Column technology
How to drill a water well with your own hands using this method? In fact, the technology is very similar to auger. The significant difference lies only in the device that is used, that is, in the storm. Instead of a long pipe with blades, a hollow cylinder is used here as a tool. At the end of the cylinder are solders made of high strength materials. This design of the working device allows you to pass through any soil. To successfully drill a well in the area, it is necessary to periodically raise the drill and remove the dirt, which in this case will accumulate, inside the hollow glass. The big advantage is that the borehole diameter will be very accurate. However, due to the fact that special equipment is required that provides equal force on the cylinder edges, as well as on the translational movement of the glass down, this technology is almost not used for independent drilling.
Hydraulic Rotary Drilling Technology
How to drill a well with your own hands? As the name of the method implies, the drilling process will be ensured by the constant supply of water under high pressure. A sufficiently big plus will be that the fluid pressure is enough to wash the sludge out of the recess without raising the drill. In addition, in some cases, it is water that will create the force that rotates the drill itself.
There are two ways of execution. The first is called direct flushing. In this case, the fluid enters the body of the drill, after which gravity is removed from it along with the sludge. Most often, the output is through the annulus.
The second method is backwashing. That is, the operation is the opposite, and the solution enters from the annulus into the drill body, after which it is discharged from there. This method is referred to as more effective, but also expensive. You will have to have powerful equipment that will be able to pump semi-liquid dirt from the pit.
Rope method
Many people wonder how to drill a well. It often happens that the method is considered too time-consuming, but it still remains quite widespread. The reason for this was that it is very simple and reliable. In addition, it is great for self-drilling.
The essence of the method is quite simple. As a working tool, a hollow glass is used, the bottom of which has faces honed in a certain way. The glass rises to the maximum height, and then is released. Under its own weight, it falls, compacting the rock, which clogs into the empty space inside. The glass is cleaned and the procedure is repeated again. The undoubted advantages include the fact that there is no need for a long hose, especially if you need to make a well with great depth. It is also possible to use this technology on almost any ground. In some cases, you can even make such a drill yourself.
Naturally, the question arises here that it is necessary to manually raise the drill to the surface, and this is a significant waste of physical strength, which means productivity depends on the worker. To solve this problem, the installation is often independently completed with electric drives that lift the glass.
Manual work
Is it possible to drill a well without using automatic equipment? It is possible, however, a large amount of time is required here, since the physical strength of a person is limited. To implement such an idea, it is necessary to have a drill itself, a tower, a winch, a rod, casing pipes. It is worth noting that the tower will be needed only if the depth is large enough.
In order to make cutting tool tips, it is best to use sheet steel with a thickness of 3 mm. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that during rotation they must crash into the ground clockwise. This is important when sharpening the sharp part.
For work, you need to install a tower above the drilling point. After that, a hole is dug in the depth of two bayonet shovels. This will be the guide hole for the drill. The first turns can be completed independently, however, the deeper the drill goes, the more difficult it will be to cope alone. Therefore, for self-drilling wells will have to find an assistant.
Casing
After the well is dug, it needs to install casing pipes. This can be either one solid pipe, or several segments connected to each other.
The presence of casing is necessary for several reasons.
The first reason is to prevent wall shedding while drilling.
The second reason is, of course, to exclude the possibility of clogging of the well and water.
The third reason is to block access to the upper aquifer, which can contaminate the lower layers.
It is also worth adding that at the bottom of the pipe there should be a filter that will not allow any grains of sand, possible debris and so on.