In the process of carrying out the activities of any organization, situations arise daily where the manager needs to choose one option from several possible ones, in other words, make a decision. Since there is always a high percentage of uncertainty in the behavior of market entities , the methods of forward-looking analysis come to the forefront, thanks to which the manager analyzes possible options for events and selects the most optimal solution from several.
The nature and types of managerial decisions cannot be considered without defining aspects that in combination affect the development of an effective managerial decision. These aspects include: information, economic, psychological, mathematical, technical, organizational, logical, legal aspects and many others. In short, the decision-making process involves the direct impact of the subject on the object or control system on the control subsystem.
The standard classification provides for the following types of management decisions: traditional and non-traditional. Traditional decisions are made based on a choice of previous solutions. Non-traditional types of managerial decisions are a creative and non-standard approach to decision making, the search for new options.
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the traditional types of managerial decisions are very formalized and can be taken according to a specific, previously developed algorithm. The manager’s activity becomes more effective, since the probability of an error in making a decision is many times reduced, and the time spent on adoption is saved due to the lack of searches for the best option. Naturally, for standard situations, such management decisions take the form of instructions, rules and regulations.
But not all situations are played out according to a certain scenario, there are also those to which formalized approaches are not applicable. It is these types of management decisions that reveal the potential of a true leader. Most often, the leader balances between these two types, resolving problems with a variety of methods and principles.
The content and types of management decisions are based on the application of such approaches as systemic, integration, integrated, dynamic, reproductive, process, administrative, mathematical, marketing, situational, behavioral.
A systematic approach involves the interconnection of components within a system or object. The integration approach studies these relationships within subsystems, between levels and subjects. An integrated approach implies the complexity and versatility of management areas, their interconnections. A dynamic management approach considers the control object in its dialectical development and cause-effect relationships. The reproductive approach consists in the permanent resumption of production of a certain type of product. The process approach is based on the relationship of managerial functions. An administrative approach is regulation and strict adherence to rules, functions and responsibilities. The marketing approach focuses the control system on the consumer. The functional approach considers any need as a set of functions requiring satisfaction. The situational approach determines the degree of suitability of a particular method of managing a specific situation. The essence of the mathematical approach is in the transition to quantitative estimates of control, using mathematical methods and expert estimates, points and calculations for this. The behavioral approach is distinguished by an increase in the efficiency of the organization by improving the quality of use of the labor resources of the enterprise.