Vending - from the English. "Vending", which means "retail sale of various goods and services through vending machines." A similar meaning is given by the economic dictionary.
Vending machines
Almost everything is possible to sell using equipment for a vending business. In Japan, they even get living beetles in this way, which, according to local beliefs, are talismans. In China, the most common eggs. In Russia, for example, it is possible to install a special apparatus for the sale of windshield washer fluid. Thus, it is possible to sell various shoes or equipment or newspapers or books. Similar equipment is already in Russia.
However, by far the most popular ideas of the vending business are vending machines that offer everyone who wants to enjoy coffee and other hot and cold drinks, various chips, crackers, chocolate bars, sandwiches.
Vending devices are also considered devices that provide the sale of services - payment terminals, in addition, cameras.
Vending business areas
Thus, the vending business today has three major areas:
- sale of food products;
- sale of various consumer goods;
- provision of services.
Vending today
Vending business today is one of the few areas that will be especially relevant for individual entrepreneurs. He has several advantages. Firstly, this is its insignificant initial price, secondly, relative ease in doing business, thirdly, quick payback.
Vending business: the beginning began
First of all, it is important to determine the area and place of activity. After that, it will become clear what is needed for the vending business.
If you choose a coffee machine for your business, then its installation will be very relevant in the company’s office, a large library, an educational institution, a shopping center, and a train station. Both employees and potential visitors to these establishments will agree to treat themselves to a cup of aromatic coffee.
Installation of a copy machine will be relevant for a library or educational institution; apparatus for the sale of various presses - for the hospital, station; for the sale of packaged shoe covers - for the hospital and museum, etc. After choosing the location for installing the equipment, you can begin to develop a detailed business plan for the vending business.
Also pay attention to the installation of pointers to attract attention to the product of potential buyers, the presence of competing machines.
Equipment
To start your business in such a direction as a vending business, one machine is enough. However, according to the experience of many manufacturers and entrepreneurs, the minimum as well as cost-effective number of devices is reduced to three. In this case, transport costs will be very optimal. And in relation to consumables at appropriate costs, it will be possible to count on the provision of wholesale discounts.
Required documents for equipment
Opening a vending business requires an appropriate set of necessary documents for all purchased equipment:
• firstly, this is the product passport, which, in turn, must contain key information about the machine provided;
• secondly, these are the technical characteristics of the acquired equipment, as well as a description of its features;
• thirdly, a complete set of delivery;
• fourthly, a description of the guarantees that the manufacturer provides for this equipment;
• Fifth, a description of the working conditions under which this type of equipment can last a maximum amount of time, etc.
It is also mandatory to have a certificate of conformity on hand, which must be issued by an authorized body of the general certification system of the State Standard of the Russian Federation.
Instructions from the operator of this machine are important. It is desirable that there is an appropriate manual for the operation of certain individual nodes necessary for the successful operation of the device, as well as programs and a variety of drivers.
Adaptation of machines in Russia
Adaptation of any of the imported devices in Russia is carried out by the structures selling them (either sellers, or technical personnel providing further maintenance, service centers). By installing vending machines, the business of which is becoming increasingly popular, they must provide the buyer with all the technical and service documentation, and in addition, issue the appropriate certificate. Any of the documents should be in Russian in a high-quality translation from the language of the manufacturer. Of course, this will all be reflected in the total cost of the purchased equipment, due to which the vending business, the feedback of the owners of which can now be heard anywhere, will be profitable.
The daily owner of such machines (collection, loading of various consumables, etc.) may well be the owner of the equipment, but in the event of a breakdown, the seller’s customer service is usually already invited to solve the problems.
Maintenance
However, it is important to think ahead of time how to build all the maintenance so that the suddenly broken machine is checked and repaired as soon as possible, and the sale of the vending business is not required due to constantly inoperative equipment. A positive nuance is that modern machines have such a program that will report a breakdown on their own, that is, they will send a distress signal to the declared mobile phone number via SMS.
Do not forget that a broken machine will not cause positive emotions either among potential buyers (who were just going to use the service or purchase a product), and even more so from those who have not received the service or item previously paid in part or in full. Just imagine your emotions when you wanted to quench your thirst, you paid for a bottle of soda water, and it crashed due to a breakdown of the machine! Or you were in a hurry to print the necessary document, and the paper issued by the machine was jammed in the middle of the order! At the same time, there is also no opportunity to contact technical support, since today is a day off ...
True, the entrepreneur, the owner of the machine, will also be injured in a similar situation. Since part of the daily revenue will be irretrievably lost due to the fact that the device was currently full of products and could more than once provide the corresponding service and “receive” large revenue. Especially if your equipment is located in a particularly profitable place on weekends. For example, in any of the hypermarkets, sports clubs, dance floors of the city, etc.
Regulatory framework as well as fiscal issue
Such occupation as vending does not have its place in OKVED. Therefore, different codes are used in this case. For vending machines that sell food products, as well as other types of goods, group 52.63 is usually used - “Other retail trade outside stores”, for terminals it is most often recommended to use a complete set of codes: 52.61.2 - “Retail trade through computer networks and TV shops (trade, including the Internet) ”; 52.48 - "Other trade in various specialized stores"; 72.60 - “Activities related to the use of computational information technology and technology”; 74.84 - "Provision of other services"; 93.05 - "The provision of other personal services."
For machines that perform autocopy, you should use the code 74.83. Thus encrypted "the provision of editorial, secretarial services, as well as translation services, including blueprinting, copying and other similar activities to create copies." Or the OKUN code, which means "All-Russian Classifier of Services to the Population." Or code 019726 is "Provision of services for writing applications, filling out forms, making copies."
Car seats that provide “massage therapist services” to everyone, as a rule, can be accessed through codes 71.40.3 (this is “Rental of furniture, non-electric and electric household appliances”) and 71.40.9 (this is “Rental of other household items, as well as personal items use for various households ”).
In order not to encounter the problem of correctly determining the code, it is worth getting advice on this issue in the appropriate tax office, where you are registered with the tax office, since it is these inspectors who will subsequently evaluate the documents you have provided.
Taxation of a vending business
With taxation in this case it will be much easier. In this situation, it is quite possible to use any of the presented tax regimes, either general or simplified or UTII (if it was previously introduced in a particular region for a certain type of activity). Although taking into account that the activity involving the sale of something using automatic machines, as a rule, is already related to retail trade or to the provision of household services, the latter option will be mandatory for further use. The Ministry of Finance has nothing against such an interpretation.
However, if we study the taxation of a vending business, the most controversial issue regarding vending machines remains the problem of the need to use cash register equipment with fiscal memory in such devices.
Estimated payback
An approximate calculation of the payback is performed on the example of one of the automatic copy machines, which is installed in a large educational institution.
For 1 hour, for example, 5 students use a copier, performing 3 pages of copies for themselves. At the same time, the copy machine is available from ten in the morning until eight in the evening, which will total ten hours a day. The library is open daily, excluding Sunday, that is, about 26 days for 1 month. Thus, after making the appropriate calculations, we conclude that the machine produces 150 photocopies for the whole day or 3900 copies per month. If you multiply such data by all 12 months of the year, then you can really get 46,800 copies for this period.
If the price of one print page is 5 rubles, then for the year the "performer" will receive 234,000 rubles.
Next, we will calculate the costs of necessary maintenance, as well as rent.
The copier will need two different types of cartridges to work successfully. First, a toner and a print cartridge, and secondly. As a rule, the first element will be enough somewhere for 4000-6000 copies. And if you take it to a minimum, then the cartridge will have to be replaced once a month. At the same time, the price of it will be about 3200 rubles. However, refill options for the toner cartridge are limited (up to two times). And the price for each of the gas stations is 900 rubles. Thus, counting on 5000 rubles, it is realistic to use one toner cartridge only three times. Replacement will be necessary four times during the year. And already 20,000 rubles. will be spent per year on cartridges only.
The drum unit is typically designed for 20,000 prints. Thus, for one year 2 such elements will be necessary. If one drum is estimated at 3,000 rubles, then for the year the amount equal to 6,000 rubles is already obtained.
The cost of paper is somewhere around 120 rubles, if there are 500 sheets in a pack. When 3900 copies are released per month, then, respectively, 8 packs will be needed, which will amount to 960 rubles per month or 11 520 rubles per year.
Thus, the total expenses for the year are 20,000 + 6,000 + 11,520 = 37,520 rubles.
Further rent. One machine has 1 m 2 . If it is estimated at 4000 per month, then per year it is already 48,000 rubles.
Now add up the two amounts received (for consumables and operating costs) and thus we get 85,520 rubles.
It is also worth remembering taxes. From certain calculations, an amount equal to 14,040 rubles appears. in a year. And the total amount of expenses is 99 560 rubles.
Considering the total income for the year (234,000 rubles), we get the value of the possible annual profit - 134,440 rubles. And already for this amount it is quite possible to purchase one and a half very functional copiers. Thus, a car copy will pay off in full during the year.
True, do not forget that this calculation is only a simplified example, in which it is initially assumed that the work is carried out by the entrepreneur alone without the involvement of employees. Out of the calculations, there is also a fixed contribution for compulsory pension insurance.
Vending as one of the most promising business areas
However, except for the most diverse law enforcement and legislative, in addition, practical problems, vending today remains one of the most promising areas, which provides everyone with the opportunity to implement possible options for various business strategies.
Business strategies
1. Limited to one or three machines, get not so significant profit from them, or work on a network of machines, more and more accumulating income.
2. Development according to the franchise scheme with the involvement of other entrepreneurs.
3. As a second activity. You already own your store, and also introduce machines as a second income option.
All in your hands! Maybe it's worth taking action?