Oversized cargo is a cargo whose parameters exceed the dimensions established by standards. For its transportation, special equipment is often required, and special requirements are imposed on transportation. How to transport such goods and what you need to know about it?
The law enshrines a number of rules in relation to bulky and bulky goods. The main provisions are governed by the rules of the road. There are also special regulations regarding them.
What is bulky cargo?
Any cargo with a length of more than 13.6 meters and a width and height exceeding 2.5 meters can be hidden under this term. As for weight, this category includes cargo that carries a load on the axis of the vehicle that exceeds the maximum allowable according to the technical requirements for this machine.
All these parameters are governed by the rules for the transport of oversized cargo, which also states that when leaving the vehicle (1 m in length and 40 cm in width), the cargo must be equipped with special reflective signs.
How to transport such goods?
Of course, transportation of bulky goods is carried out on a special freight motor vehicle. Its driver must first obtain permission from the traffic police. It is drawn up for a period of up to 3 months and can be either disposable or reusable. In the latter case, the number of shipments should not exceed 10. In addition, transportation is carried out strictly on the intended route, deviation from which is prohibited. It’s all about the parameters of the carrying capacity of road structures: on this route they are one, and on the other they are different and may not correspond to the parameters of the cargo carried.
Before transportation, it is important to competently approach the organization of this process. To do this, you need to select a suitable vehicle or container, approve the necessary fastening schemes, go through loading and unloading in the prescribed manner, draw up a route and draw up all the accompanying documents.
What vehicles are used?
For transportation, special vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers are used, as well as containers with the necessary dimensions and carrying capacity parameters. Long loads, in most cases, are transported on open platforms.
Small-sized, but heavy cargoes can be transported with the help of road trains, tractors and low loaders semi-trailers. In some cases, truck cranes of increased carrying capacity are included in the work.
Transportation restrictions
Transportation of bulky and heavy cargo is subject to some restrictions. They concern not only traffic, but also parking. For example, it is forbidden:
- Develop a speed higher than that indicated in the permit for bulky cargo.
- To carry out movement in conditions of insufficient visibility.
- Drive in bad weather.
- Drive along the sidelines.
- To carry out transportation in case of malfunction of cargo fasteners.
- Transport if the load is loose and has shifted from the original fastening.
- To transport cargo whose mass exceeds the maximum permissible values by the vehicle manufacturer.
- To transport cargo that limits the view to the driver or makes it difficult to drive.
- To transport cargo blocking lighting devices, for example, retro-reflectors.
- To transport cargo that is harmful to the road surface, raises dust or produces extraneous noise.
- Stay in areas not designated as parking spaces.
Throughout the route, the driver’s duties include strict control of the placement of the cargo, its condition and fastening. At the slightest violation of the requirements of the instructions, the driver must immediately eliminate it, and if this is impossible, stop moving along the route.
It is worth considering: if bulky goods are transported to another country, their own rules and regulations may apply, which must also be observed.
Permits and Fines
A permit for the transportation of bulky cargo must be obtained in the locality designated as the starting point of the route. The documentation indicates not only the full route, but also the dimensions of the cargo carried, as well as the axle load.
It is forbidden to transport goods whose dimensions exceed the maximum permissible ones without an appropriate permit. Otherwise, you can earn a serious fine. For individuals, its size is 2.0-2.5 thousand rubles, while legal entities face a much higher penalty - 400-500 thousand. In addition, you can lose your certificate for up to six months.
Oversized cargo escort
Transportation of bulky goods may require escort by special vehicles with flashing beacons. This is especially required for long loads, more than 24 meters in length and 4 meters in width. Requirements for the movement of an accompanying car: it must move in front of the freight vehicle, at a distance of 10-20 meters, without closing the overview to him or to oncoming cars.
Maintenance is required in any case for cars moving with a partial occupation of the oncoming lane. At the same time, the dimensions of the transported goods do not play a role.
Official Rules and Instructions
So, it is necessary to deliver bulky and heavy cargoes in compliance with special rules. They allotted a whole section of traffic rules at number 23 - “Transportation of goods”. In addition, you must be guided by the requirements of the instructions for the transportation of these goods by road. However, the "Rules of the Road" play a dominant role. In the event of an emergency on the road, it is from them that the court will repulse in the first place.
Regardless of the speed indicated in the permit, the maximum permissible speed for the transportation of heavy cargo cannot be exceeded. For vehicles, it is 60 km / h. If the car moves along the bridge, you cannot drive at a speed above 15 km / h.
In addition to obtaining permission from RosAvtodor, in some cases it is also necessary to obtain special approval for crossing railway crossings. The preparation of all this documentation takes from two days to two weeks.
SDA does not establish any restrictions on the maximum mass of a car with cargo. It all depends on the maximum axle load, as well as the quality of the road surface. However, the rules clearly state: the cargo is considered heavy if its weight with the car is more than 38 tons. For cargo exceeding a mass of 44 tons, it is required not just obtaining permission, but the development of a special project.
As you can see, in order to transport bulky cargo, it is necessary to take into account many rules and carefully prepare. That is why most people trust this procedure with competent carriers with many years of experience.