Most owners of houses and apartments constantly want to modernize, improve their living space, and use the space more efficiently. In the process of repair work, not only standard finishing work is carried out, but also serious redevelopment. Most often, the owners of large apartments and houses, where the rooms are small, do this - they want to own a three-room apartment, for example, with a huge nursery, a gym and a large bathroom. Also, alterations are made by lovers of studio apartments. Events can develop in two ways - the construction of walls, arched structures, plasterboard partitions and the creation of doorways. The latter option is associated with certain difficulties.
If the wall is a carrier, for many this is an obstacle, but there is a way out of this situation. It is necessary to make an opening in the supporting structure.
Ordinary or style?
Despite the fact that doorways (photos can be seen in the article) are an integral part of absolutely any interiors, many of them are considered minor elements. In this case, there is no doubt the need for an opening. However, many people manage to approach the task creatively, as a result, the most daring design ideas are realized.
The doorway (photo of examples can be seen in our article) really has long ceased to be something ordinary. To verify this, just buy and browse through a glossy magazine on the topic of repairs. There you can see how stylish the opening can look. To equip a design that will not be inferior to the one shown in the fashion magazine, you will have to spend a certain amount of money, find the right solution, and take certain measures. Separately, it should be said about obtaining permits to carry out such redevelopments.
Materials
The widest scope for creativity can be obtained with the help of drywall constructions. The doorway can be decorated with various decorative elements - it can be baguettes, polyurethane platbands, texture panels. The only limitation in mass is drywall is fragile and many decorative elements simply can not stand it.
There are many more options for brick walls. A brick wall allows you to make an opening from an array of natural wood. Metal structures will also not cause any special problems. It should be borne in mind that the brick itself is quite heavy, so a jumper at the top of the opening is mandatory. She will take on all the loads that the capital solid wall used to take. An interesting solution for interior doorways is a mosaic along the contour, with which you can mask various defects.
In houses that are built of foam block, a variety of openings are installed - they can be made of wood, metal, plastic. The foam block is quite durable. We must not forget that in such structures the opening should be insulated, especially if it is under the front door.
Project approval
Before constructing doorways in the walls, it is necessary to study the legal nuances. Even a slight change in the position of the openings in the bearing wall is already a redevelopment. To carry out these works, you must first agree on this point with the relevant services before starting repairs. Otherwise, the property may be arrested, and the owner will be forced to pay a fine.
If an aperture in a supporting structure is equipped, contact the appropriate specialists. Such projects are not developed independently - the chance of approval is very small. It also depends on whether the permit will be issued on the thickness of the walls and the floor on which the apartment is located.
Training
Before starting work, experts recommend evaluating the budget. Determine who will perform the work - the owner of the house on their own or a team of repairmen. In the second case, you will have to pay money for services, but in case of errors and omissions, all responsibility will be on the company.
In the case of independent work, the cost will depend on the availability of tools and fixtures. A diamond wheel is needed to organize the opening. If you need it only once, buying it makes no sense. If there is a circle, the repair price will also depend on the cost of the consumables used.
Necessary information
You must also obtain the following important information. You need to know about the materials from which the walls are built. Each material has its own characteristics. It is also important how wide the future opening will be, how many floors there are in the house, whether there are various flaws and defects on the wall and inside it.
These data will be needed to calculate the scale of the gain of the opening in the supporting structure. The level of reliability is determined by the number of floors, the presence or absence of defects in the wall, as well as the width of the door.
What do you need for work?
When all the information is known, consumables are purchased, then they proceed directly to the installation of the doorway. To do this, you need a measuring tool for measurements and marking work - you can use tape measure. It will be useful to wear special clothing, as well as safety equipment. To reduce the amount of dust and waste, bags for construction waste are prepared. It is also worth taking care of a construction vacuum cleaner. To reduce dust, the walls are pre-wetted carefully.
To dismantle the wall, you need an angle grinder or a grinder with diamond disks. If the machine could not be found or there are no diamond circles, then a sledgehammer will do. A perforator and a set of nozzles for it are also needed. If the wall will be dismantled with a sledgehammer, then you should work extremely carefully so that in the end you get an appropriate opening for marking with even edges.
Sizes and Standards
Calculate the size of the structure. In the calculation process, it is worth using the numbers from the standards. They are indicated in the relevant GOSTs and SNiPa. Standard sizes are clearly regulated in GOST 6629-88. This is an important GOST in the process of arranging a doorway with your own hands.
So, the minimum width can be 55 centimeters. The opening for double doors can be from 120 to 150 centimeters wide. It is also necessary to understand what is needed for the opening to be as centimeters larger.
Reliance on GOSTs will help calculate the optimal size. There you can find out the standards for all types of doors - these are hinged, sliding, sliding structures.
Installation in concrete and brick wall
The bearing wall can most often be made of concrete or brick. Although experts do not recommend destroying such walls, getting permission for redevelopment still succeeds.
When working with a brick wall, it is advisable to remove old wallpaper, a layer of plaster, as well as all other finishes. This will help to see the masonry. Then mark the future opening. Then indicate the place where the jumper will be installed for reinforcement, which helps prevent the collapse of the wall.
Having outlined a rectangle according to the dimensions of the opening, holes are drilled in the upper corners - this will allow working points to be obtained on the other side. The holes must be through. Then you need to make sure that the jumper supports a number of elements - this will work if you remove the plaster and finish. Next, the layout is adjusted to the level of the seam between the bricks.
Using a hammer and a chisel, they make a niche for a future bridge on each side of the wall. Then drill a hole for mounting bolts for mounting the jumper. The grinder cut through the upper part of the wall - this will be a niche for a jumper. Its depth should correspond to the size of the corner. Thickness corresponds to the thickness of the corners. The hole is cut into 15-20 centimeters on each side. A corner is installed in a niche, and the holes are filled with a solution based on cement and sand.
How to cut a doorway? Nuances
After the opening is reinforced, you can begin dismantling. For quick and high-quality removal of the wall section, experts advise using a diamond saw. If not, then a hammer, chisel, sledgehammer and other tools are suitable.
Holes are cut along the borders with a diamond wheel to the depth of the circle. Next, a wall puncher or chisel is removed. After dismantling, the jumper is finalized - it is better to connect the corners with each other by electric welding. But also they can be fastened in another way - with the help of screws and bolts. The holes where the corners are installed are cemented.
Drywall opening
Here's how to make a doorway. You will need drywall sheets, a profile, cutting tools, a nail puller, a tape measure, a plumb line, a level, a spatula and a hammer, fasteners.
If the opening in the room is created on the site of an existing one, then the doors and the box are dismantled. First of all, the doors are removed from the hinges, all the platbands are removed, the box is dismantled. If it is necessary to expand the opening, it is expanded as described above. If this design in the room will be created in a partition of drywall, the project is developed in advance.
Frame mounting
For this, two metal racks are installed. They are installed along the width of the door and slopes for it. It is necessary to leave a place between the box and slopes. Further in this space polyurethane foam will be poured. Above and below the opening in an apartment or house, a supporting profile is mounted horizontally.
To ensure strength, four-piece rack profiles are installed. The height of these profiles should be equal to the height of the door. Each of the profiles is inserted into the other, thereby closing the structure - as a result, four angles of 90 degrees should be obtained. For fasteners use self-tapping screws.
Next, the frame is installed in the aperture and fixed with bolts or long screws. Finishing the doorway is done according to personal preference. The color of the design can be very different.
Doorway
Plasterboard structures are designed for subsequent installation of the door in standard sizes. Now, doorless solutions are also popular. These are plasterboard arches, installed when it is physically impossible to install the door.
To create a doorway without a door, you need a profile of the desired length - it will serve as a bend for the future arch. Then on this profile after 4-6 cm make incisions in the form of a triangle. Notches are made where the profile will be bent. The bent profile is fixed before the opening will be sheathed with plasterboard sheets. When the upper part of the arch is ready, lining is carried out. Sheathing is carried out using an already trimmed sheet. It is better to moisten the sheet with water first.
At the final stage, finishing work is performed - plasterboard can be plastered, painted, laid tile.
Finish
A popular trend is the decoration of doorways in houses and apartments using clinker tiles. High popularity is due to a large selection of colors and shades and ease of use. There are corner products that are ideal for opening.
Also, one of the stylish solutions is an artificial stone. Unlike tiles, this material is more diverse in terms of color gamut. The stone almost perfectly imitates the external data and the texture of natural stone.
Gypsum plasterboard solutions can be glued with wallpaper, painted, finished with ceramic or other light tiles.
Conclusion
Doorways in the house are done in a similar way. The only thing is that private houses do not need redevelopment permits. As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the process, and you can do everything yourself if you wish.