The twentieth century was marked not only by active scientific and technological progress. Global interaction and the total redivision of the world have led to the emergence and development of such a phenomenon as international economic organizations, the significance of which is ambiguously perceived by both ordinary people and experts.
The essence of the phenomenon
International economic organizations are inherently today the most powerful way to influence countries. Moreover, it is not so much and not only about the so-called "developing", but also about the developed ones. To understand how such an effect is carried out, it is necessary to grasp their essence.
So, the first thing worth mentioning in relation to these organizations is that they are full participants in international relations. This situation is ensured by the fact that during their formation, the states that agreed to participate transfer part of the immunity of the newly created organization related to the economic sphere of immunity. And, therefore, international financial and economic organizations have the right to exist as independent entities promoting their interests within the goals set by the constituent document (convention, declaration or charter).
However, on the other hand, a certain tort is imposed on such organizations , which means that they are obliged to bear responsibility for their actions, regardless of the amount of damage.
As a rule, the whole range of powers and duties is fixed by the primary operators of international law - states - in special acts on the creation of an organization. It also indicates those conditions that may entail the dissolution of such organizations.
Types and significance assessment
Experts emphasize that international financial and economic organizations today differ mainly in the sphere of influence. So, they distinguish universal and specialized.
The pearl of the first category of such organizations is the World Trade Organization, it is also the WTO . Today, it is the only one rightfully considered the most influential in the economic sphere. In fact, it is the WTO that dictates the rules of the “game” in the field of intellectual property, services and trade, more than once proving its strength.
The second universal organization is the UN ECOSOC ( aka the Economic and Social Council at the UN ). Its main task is to advise countries on economic issues. It is worth noting that, unlike the WTO, it includes all the main economic systems, as counseling is based on an analysis of country-specific development data.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ( aka OECD), like the previous one, is purely advisory as well as scientific. The basis of its activities is the provision of information on how to build a market economy. And, therefore, it does not consider in its sphere of activity all states and all major economic systems.
In addition to the main ones presented, there are also specialized ones designed to resolve narrow issues, such as WIPO and OPEC . Despite the narrow subject matter, these international economic organizations are actively influencing the formation of pricing policies around the world, which is especially true for OPEC.
Specialists separate international financial organizations, the main of which are the IMF and the IB.
The International Bank (IB) is a special financial organization that monitors and regulates the movement of finances and their influence on the living standards of the population. It consists of five main structures whose main activities are the provision of loans and monitoring of the investment situation in their member countries.
The IMF is a specialized structure, the basic principle of which is "providing loans in exchange for reforms." It is worth noting that the IMF has the greatest influence in the financial sector, especially in developing countries.
As you can see, international economic organizations today really represent a powerful tool for influencing the development of the economic sphere. In particular, this provision applies to the WTO and the IMF, whose role has long grown from a consulting to an instrument for ensuring the necessary development.