Labor protection requirements: list of laws, obligations of the employer in the field of labor protection

Labor protection requirements must be known and fulfilled by each person who owns his own enterprise, as well as people who are employed. Unfortunately, today industrial injuries are at a high level.

Many people forget how important it is to take a responsible approach to security. This will be discussed below.

Why is labor protection necessary?

The answer is simple - to ensure the priority of maintaining the health and life of workers. The list of goals of this system also includes:

• Adoption and further implementation of various regulatory acts and laws of the Russian Federation aimed at improving the conditions for working people.
• Management of labor protection at the state level, supervision of compliance with legislation.
• Examination of working conditions, their assessment, promotion of public control.
• Prevention of accidents, as well as investigation and recording of industrial accidents, occupational diseases.
• Protecting the interests of those workers who have been affected.
• Establishment and observance of guarantees given by the state, issuance of compensations for work in dangerous or harmful conditions.
• The dissemination of the best foreign and Russian methods that can improve the very scope of labor protection and working conditions.
• Training of new highly qualified specialists in this field.
• Financing of activities related to labor protection.
• Reporting, which includes occupational diseases, injuries, information about the conditions, consequences of what is happening, etc.
• Coordination of activities in this area, environmental protection.
• Provision of workers with the areas of collective and individual protection, medicines, sanitary devices, etc.

And this is far from everything that state policy in this area is aimed at. But be that as it may, any action is coordinated with state authorities, employers and trade unions.

Article 211 of the Customs Code of the Russian Federation

What are the state regulatory requirements for labor protection? They are just described in Art. 211 TK RF. And it is they who establish the standards, procedures, rules and criteria that are aimed at achieving one goal - the preservation of the health and life of the employee.

The article says that they must be performed by every individual and legal entity that carries out any activity, even if it is directly the organization of production and labor, the manufacture of the necessary equipment, mechanisms, etc.

The development, approval, as well as the amendment of certain acts that state state regulatory requirements for labor protection can be established exclusively by the government of our country. Always before this, a tripartite commission is involved in the regulation of social and labor relations.

Article 212 of the Customs Code of the Russian Federation

This document details mandatory labor protection requirements for employers. Because it is they who are responsible for the safety of the people they hire.

Here is what every employer should:

• Ensure the safety of workers during the operation of equipment, buildings, as well as the facilities available in it. The same applies to the materials, raw materials and tools used.
• Ensure safety when a person carries out his duties as part of the technological process.
• Create a truly working safety management system.
• To apply the law on the use of collective and personal protective equipment in their production. The project is required to undergo declaration or certification.
• Ensure safe working conditions for employees.
• Purchase and give out overalls and shoes, as well as cleaning and cleaning products.
• Regularly assess working conditions - they must comply with current legislation.
• Do not interfere with inspections.
• To develop, as well as approve in the future, rules and instructions for workers, always taking into account the opinion of the elected body of the trade union.

This is not all the obligations of the employer in the field of labor protection. In article 212 there are other provisions that are no longer related to production and its conditions, namely to people who work on it.

What does an employer owe to employees?

You can find the answer to this question all in the same 212th article. It lists a considerable number of regulatory requirements for labor protection, defining the obligations of the employer to the people whom he hired for production. Here is what he should:

• Organize physical examinations, psychiatric examinations.
• Provide sanitary and medical services for workers, emergency delivery to the hospital of a worker who is ill at work.
• Teach people safe practices and methods for fulfilling their responsibilities.
• Provide mandatory instruction, check the knowledge of employees.
• To teach first aid skills to people who have been injured in the workplace.
• Not to allow employees who have not been instructed and trained, as well as internship and the notorious knowledge test, to work.
• Regularly monitor the conditions in which people work and whether they use protective equipment.
• Do not allow employees who have not undergone a medical examination and psychiatric examination to work. Deny employment to people who have a contraindication to this activity.
• Inform employees about conditions at workplaces and their changes, about the risk, as well as the guarantees they provide, remedies and possible compensation.
• Provide workers with social insurance against diseases and accidents.
• Prevent emergency situations.
• Investigate accidents, keep a record of them.

In other words, the requirements for labor protection for the employer in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation require him to take all actions aimed at preserving the health and life of workers.

Medical examinations

This is an indispensable component in any production, and the 213th article deals specifically with it. Here are the labor protection requirements that apply to medical examinations:

• People working in production with dangerous or harmful working conditions, or working with transport, must undergo inspections both before employment, and after - periodically. This is necessary to determine their professional suitability.
• People working in the field of food industry, trade, food, as well as with waterworks, should undergo inspections to prevent the occurrence and further spread of ailments. The same goes for teachers, educators, doctors and nurses.
• Workers of certain categories undergo inspections before, during, and also at the end of the working day (drivers, for example).
• If the local government or the employer makes an appropriate decision, then additional indications and conditions for examinations will be introduced at the production site.
• Periodically, for some workers, studies may be conducted aimed at identifying the presence of psychotropic or narcotic substances in their bodies.
• People working in conditions of increased danger must undergo regular psychiatric examinations.

It is important to clarify that all of the above must be paid by the employer. If an employee pays for the inspection, this is a violation of the law.

What should an employee do?

In Art. 22 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation describes all the basic obligations of the employer (as well as his rights). This document also obliges the manager to insure employees and compensate for the damage caused to them in connection with the performance of duties. All these provisions are regulated by Art. 22 Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

But it should be mentioned that responsibility is not only on the employer. It is available to employees. Such information is contained in Art. 214.

So, here is what an employee should:

• It is imperative to comply with all labor protection requirements.
• Learn the safe techniques and methods by which work in production is performed.
• Know the principles of first aid.
• To be instructed. And before hiring - an internship and an exam.
• Use collective and personal protective equipment.
• Immediately notify management of a situation that could pose a threat to health or life, as well as any accidents that have occurred. It is also important to notify you that your health is declining.
• Pass all medical examinations mentioned above.

Simply put, an employee is simply obligated not to violate the labor protection requirements listed above. However, this is in his own interests, since life and health are at stake.

Special cases

It is necessary to list those professions that have high labor protection requirements. There are about 40 of them, among them:

• Electrician and electrician.
• Electric gas welder.
• An autoclave, as well as people serving vessels that work under pressure.
• The insulator.
• Electrician.
• The battery man.
• Stoker.
• Painter.
• Vulcanizer.
• Copier.
• Tractor driver.
• All drivers.
• Locksmith.
• All drivers.
• All blacksmiths.
• Saturator.
• Fireman.
• Etcher.
• Meat grinder.
• The machine operator.
• Gas cutter and gas welder.
• Vacuum cleaner.
• Roofer.
• Winch.
• Sulfite sensor.
• Copier, cauldron cleaner.
• Lifter.
• Glazier.
• Adjuster of equipment and machinery.
• Rigger and slinger.
• Glassblower.
• Seller of carbonated liquids from isothermal tanks.
• Grinder.

A number of works are also determined, to which additional requirements for labor protection are presented. There are over 20. These include the following works:

• Treetop.
• Loading and unloading.
• In high voltage conditions.
• Using open fire, pneumatic and electric machines, gasoline, pyrotechnic tools, slag, glass wool, and fiberglass.
• In pipelines, compartments, boxes and containers (i.e. in enclosed spaces).
• With the maintenance of preschoolers, water and sewer structures, tanks.
• In pits, pits, wells and trenches.
• All work that involves maintenance, adjustment, installation, dismantling and repair of serious equipment (conveyors, mechanisms, hoisting machines, machine tools, electrical installations).
• Cooking hot and cold bitumen mastics.
• Transportation, transshipment and storage of gas cylinders, toxic and caustic liquids, relevant materials (alkali, acid).
• Installation, editing and verification of abrasive stones.
• Production of slings and their testing.
• Operation and maintenance of all equipment that operates under high pressure (more than 0.7 atm).

This list also includes any activity involving direct contact with epoxy resins, toxic substances, flammable materials and liquids, and hazardous equipment.

Occupational safety rules when working at height

They should be considered separately, as one of many examples. First of all, it should be noted that any activity that implies the presence of a risk of falling from 1.8 meters and above refers to these works.

So, here is a list of requirements and rules of labor protection when working at height:

• Only an adult can be admitted to such work.
• An employee is required to undergo not only a preliminary examination (before employment), but also regular ones.
• The person must have the appropriate qualifications. It is confirmed by a document on education.
• An employee is allowed to work only after passing the exam for knowledge of theory and practice. It includes safe techniques and methods of performing duties at height.
• The employee must be issued a certificate. It confirms that a person has the right to perform such work. An authorization form for their implementation is also issued.
• If work at height is unavoidable, the employer provides employees with inventory or suspended scaffolding, scaffolding devices and equipment, the scaffolds themselves, lifts, etc.
• Employees must be given a plan of work at height.
• Just in case, a plan for the evacuation and rescue of workers is developed if an emergency occurs.
• If in an open area the air flow exceeds 15 m / s, no work is performed. The same applies to structures with high windage, if this indicator is more than 10 m / s.
• Personal and collective protective equipment is always issued.

In order to fulfill all of the above, there is a labor protection service in the organization.

Article 217 of the Customs Code of the Russian Federation

Once again, it is worth turning to the labor code. Article 217 is devoted to the labor protection service in the organization. It is created at the factory if more than 50 people work at it. Such a service is necessary to monitor the implementation of these requirements. It is led by a labor safety specialist with relevant education and experience.

If fewer people work in production, then you just need to hire such a person. For this, only an additional position is created.

If the head does not create a service or hires a person, he controls everything.

Everything is different in the case of organizations that themselves provide services in the field of labor protection. They must receive appropriate accreditation.

Assessment of working conditions

This topic should be considered separately. There is a federal law on a special assessment of working conditions (dated December 28, 2013 No. 426-FZ). It states that the implementation of this procedure is necessary, since in accordance with its results classes of working conditions are established at a particular workplace. The assessment helps to determine the danger and apply the obtained information in practice to improve working conditions.

Here's how it goes:

• Employees are informed about the risks, they are told about protective measures, compensations and guarantees.
• They provide them with reliable means of protection, equip workplaces with everything necessary for safety.
• Labor conditions are monitored.
• Additional traffic of insurance premiums to the RF PF is established.
• Allowances for employees are calculated.
• Funding is being provided to improve the conditions.
• Issues related to employee illnesses are being addressed.
• The need for medical examinations, their frequency, is determined.

And this is only briefly. It should be clarified that the law contains 4 chapters (28 articles), and each of them contains valuable information on the topic under discussion.

Knowledge check

It is important to make a reservation that knowledge testing of labor protection requirements is carried out in different ways - it all depends on the type of activity and profession.

However, the principle is the same: the employee must prove that he is able to fulfill his duties without prejudice to production and himself, to demonstrate awareness of all the notorious rules.

But there are extraordinary checks. They are carried out in special cases:

• When introducing new requirements or changing old ones.
• At the request of inspectors or representatives of other authorized bodies.
• When changing technological processes.
• At the request of the authorities.
• When introducing new equipment into production.
• After an accident or accident.
• When transferring a person from an old position to a new one.
• In the event that the employee has not been engaged in such activities for more than 1 year.

Passing an exam in such cases is required. This is another requirement for labor protection.