The civil defense system is presented as a set of special events. They are aimed at providing training and protection of the population, cultural and material values in the territory of the state from various kinds of dangers that arise during or as a result of military operations. The activities of the bodies implementing these measures are regulated by the Law on Civil Defense. It was adopted on February 12, 1998. Next, we consider in more detail what civil defense is.
Characteristic
The civil defense of the Russian Federation acts as an integral element of the overall complex of protective measures carried out by the state. Activities are carried out both in peacetime and in wartime. The country's civil defense provides protection from modern means that the enemy uses in an attack. The structure’s tasks also include emergency and rescue emergency recovery work in the lesion centers in case of emergency in war and peacetime.
Essential elements
Civil Defense Directorate is a service that monitors the implementation of a set of protective measures. Units do not only implement the tasks during emergency situations in wartime or peacetime. The Law "On Civil Defense" also prescribes the preparation of means and forces, as well as ensuring the actions of organizations in carrying out emergency rescue and other urgent work. CS organizations are special formations. They are created on the basis of divisions according to the territorial-production principle. These organizations are not included in the Armed Forces. However, they have at their disposal special equipment and property. These organizations are prepared in a special way, which allows them to protect the population from dangers that may arise during military operations or as a result of those. Territory of civil defense - the area on which the objects of civil defense are located. In particular, these are settlements with special strategic or economic state significance. Civil defense facilities are characterized by a high degree of danger of emergencies in the military and peace periods.
Steering apparatus
Speaking of what civil defense is, it should be noted that this complex is under the jurisdiction of the state. The management of civil defense is carried out by the Government. State policy in the field of civil defense is carried out by the Federal Executive Authority. He is authorized to solve problems directly by the President. Management of civil defense organizations in the federal executive bodies is carried out by their heads. The activities of units in the territories of subjects and municipalities are coordinated by their heads and administrative apparatus. The heads of executive bodies of local and federal significance, divisions and organizations of civil society are personally responsible for the organization and implementation of measures to protect the population.
Structure
The question "what is civil defense" can be considered from two sides. Firstly, as mentioned above, civil defense is a set of measures. And on the other hand, what is civil defense? This is a special structure that includes various bodies and units. In particular, they include:
- Territorial authorities. Represented as regional centers for civil defense, emergency situations and disaster response. The bodies authorized to solve defense problems and take the necessary measures to prevent and eliminate emergency situations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation belong to the same category. They are equipped with military personnel of civil defense forces, civilians, representatives of the leadership of the fire service. The heads of these territorial bodies are appointed by the heads of the Federal structures in the prescribed manner.
- Units (employees) of organizations with the authority to solve problems in the field of civil defense. They are created (appointed) in accordance with the procedure established by the Government.
- Federal executive body. He is authorized to perform protection tasks.
- Subdivisions of the Federal Executive Bodies.
Tasks
Civil defense (the safety of the population largely depends on the activities of the structure we are considering) involves certain measures aimed at protecting and training people. These activities are part of the tasks of the Civil Society. In particular, the civil defense of Russia includes:
- Training civilians in methods of protection against various dangers that may arise during or as a result of a war.
- Providing people with personal protective equipment and shelters.
- Evacuation of cultural, material assets and the population to a safe territory.
- Informing people about the danger that arose in the course of hostilities or as a result of them.
- Carrying out activities on different types of camouflage.
- Fighting fires that arose during the hostilities or became their consequence.
- Conducting emergency rescue operations in case of danger in the war or peace period, as well as as a result of an emergency of a man-made or natural character.
- Priority assistance to (medical, including) the population affected by emergency situations or during the conduct of hostilities. This set of measures, among other things, includes the immediate provision of housing.
- Identification and designation of territories that have undergone biological, radioactive, chemical and other types of infection.
- Disinfection of the population, terrain, buildings, equipment.
- Restoring and maintaining order in the territories affected during the military operations or as a result of them, as well as as a result of an emergency of technogenic and natural character.
- Immediate restoration of the necessary utilities during the war period.
- Urgent burial of the dead during the hostilities.
- The development and application of measures aimed at preserving objects of particular importance for the stable economic functioning and survival of the population during the war period.
- Ensuring a state of constant readiness of assets and civil defense forces.
Services
Civil defense of Russia is provided by units:
- Areas.
- Kraev.
- Republics.
- Subjects.
- Autonomous counties and regions.
- Cities.
- Areas.
Decisions on the formation of civil defense services are made by executive bodies, the Government, and heads of organizations in accordance with their authority. The provisions are approved by the relevant officials.
Means and powers of civil defense
Civil defense of the Russian Federation is carried out by military units that are specially created to carry out the tasks. The Armed Forces and other military units carry out their activities in accordance with the regulations on civil defense. The involvement of units and formations in the implementation of the tasks is carried out in the manner approved by the President. The activities of emergency services are regulated by relevant regulations. All these formations are the means and forces of civil defense.
Basics of Activities
Civil defense of the Russian Federation is provided by military units, which have at their disposal special equipment, as well as cold steel and firearms. The military personnel are issued the appropriate certificates of the established form. Documents confirm their status. Also on the form there are international insignia of civil defense. Employees may serve in the respective Federal Executive Unit, which has special powers to resolve issues related to protecting the population. The activities of civil defense troops are carried out from the moment of declaring martial law, the actual start of hostilities, the declaration of a state of war by the President, as well as during a peaceful period during a natural disaster, epizootic, epidemic, catastrophe, major accident that threatens public health and requires emergency rescue and other urgent work.
GO organizations
The order of their formation is established by the Government. Citizens of Russia can be included in the composition of civil society organizations: women 18-55 years old, men 18-60 years old. The following categories are an exception:
- Duty-bound, having mobilization requirements.
- Women with higher or secondary medical education and children under 3 years old.
- Disabled 1-3 groups.
- Pregnant women and having dependents up to 8 years.
Non-military formations
They are special groups of civilians. Their number is determined by the governing documents. Non-paramilitary formations are equipped with property and equipment, which are laid in accordance with the report card. These groups are referred to as "Rescue (summary) teams." Non-paramilitary formations are classified by:
- Subordinates - territorial and object.
- Appointment - general, specialized and special type.
- The degree of readiness - increased and everyday.
Each region has a separate civil defense battalion. Depending on the type of emergency, the Ministry of Defense allocates certain funds and forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs - fire brigades or teams, the Ministry of Health - brigades equipped with hospital and outpatient personnel.
Signals
They vary depending on the situation. In peacetime, there is only one signal: "Attention to everyone!" The following is a text that is being developed at the headquarters of the GO. During the war period, signals are used; "Radiation Hazard", "Chemical Alert", "End of Air Alarm", "Air Alarm". In the latter case, the personnel of non-militarized formations carry out activities during working hours in accordance with the orders of the commanders. In non-working hours, employees occupy shelters - special civil defense structures.
The rights of the population in protection against emergencies and in the field of civil defense
Citizens of Russia, according to the Federal Law and other regulatory legal acts regulating the sphere of civil defense, can and must:
- To be trained in methods of protection against dangers that arise during hostilities or as a result of them.
- To assist state authorities and authorized units in solving problems of ensuring civil defense.
The population has the right:
- To protect your life, personal property and health in case of emergency.
- Use funds (collective and individual) and other property intended for protection.
- To receive pensions in the event of the loss of a breadwinner who died or died from an illness or injury received while fulfilling his duties to protect the territory and population from emergency situations.
- Be aware of the dangers that they may be exposed to while in certain places, and about safety measures.
- To receive pension coverage in case of disability due to illness or injury received during the work on protection against emergencies.
- To apply in person, and also to send to the authorized bodies collective petitions and statements regarding the protection of territories and citizens from emergency situations.
- Get free state social insurance, compensation and benefits for damage caused during an emergency.
- Participate in measures to eliminate and prevent emergency situations in the prescribed manner.
- Get compensation for damage that has been caused to property and health.
Community Responsibilities
Russian citizens must:
- Comply with laws and other regulatory legal acts of federal, subjective significance in the field of defense of territories and population.
- Learn emergency care techniques, rules for using individual and collective protective equipment.
- Observe safety rules in the process of everyday work and at home, avoid violations of technological and production discipline, as well as environmental requirements that could lead to emergencies.
- Follow all established rules in case of risk or emergency.
Prospects for the development of civil defense
In the foreseeable future, the structure will be built in accordance with the principle of mobility. This means that governing bodies, agriculture, industry and other economic sectors must be prepared for a quick transition to activities in accordance with plans for the war period. Presumably, civil defense will be more territorial than departmental. This means that each region will be more independent and will begin to solve problems mainly on its own.
Finally
To meet the level of modern requirements, it is necessary to continuously improve the structure of points and governing bodies, to achieve equipping with new technical equipment. In addition, it is necessary to constantly improve the methods and organization of the activities of all employees, to generalize and develop theoretical and practical experience, and to increase the training of the managerial staff.