Human labor activity is associated with various living conditions. One of the main in this area is industrial sanitation and labor hygiene. To study the impact of working factors on the health status of workers in science, there is a special area.
The main characteristic. Targets and goals
Industrial sanitation and personal hygiene are a combination of certain measures and conditions. They should be performed in the presence of a healthy environment in the workforce. Sanitation and hygiene are interconnected. The formation of specific measures is aimed at studying the working conditions that affect people who work in various enterprises. The use of results obtained in practice is one of the basic requirements of industrial sanitation and personal hygiene. In this direction, requirements are also formed for the conditions of the premises, the formation of jobs, the condition of heating and ventilation systems.
One of the main tasks in the formation of healthy working conditions is personal hygiene - observing the daily regimen, monitoring the state of health, and keeping clean bedding, clothes, shoes and other household items.
Industrial sanitation and personal hygiene are very important for the prevention of various diseases. Failure to comply with the basic rules may result in consequences that can negatively affect not only one person, but also the people around him. This situation can cause intestinal infections, poisoning, and so on.
Industrial sanitation and hygiene
In this area, the effects of working environment factors and other technical processes on the health status of the workforce are studied, and certain standards are developed and introduced with the aim of taking measures to create suitable conditions. This system is also aimed at preventing the development of diseases arising in the workplace.
Industrial sanitation and personal hygiene are interconnected with some other branches of science aimed at:
- Study of the composition of dust and its effects on people.
- The study of external factors of the work sphere that have a direct impact on human health.
The basic requirements of industrial sanitation and personal hygiene are aimed at drawing up a specific food schedule, studying the quality of the goods used by the employees of the enterprise. They are also aimed at the systematic medical examination of workers.
Basic requirements for industrial sanitation and personal hygiene
Every enterprise has its own requirements and laws.
All employees are required to adhere to the rules of personal hygiene and industrial sanitation:
- devices must be in working condition;
- the equipment must be used for its intended purpose and not used for personal purposes.
The basic requirements of industrial sanitation and hygiene exclude:
- eating during work;
- storage of work clothes and other personal items in places not intended for this;
- drinking alcohol in the workplace.
In order to ensure normal working conditions, the management must provide all employees of the enterprise with specially equipped rooms with artificial lighting necessary for the performance of work.
The influence of harmful factors
There are several categories of negative factors that affect human health:
- physiological;
- biological;
- chemical.
High temperatures during the work process can cause heat stroke and lead not only to the appearance of various infectious diseases, but also to human death. Depending on the composition of the industrial dust, workers may experience allergic reactions.
In order to prevent the negative impact of factors that adversely affect human health, it is necessary:
- replace old equipment with modern equipment;
- provide the necessary working rooms with a ventilation system.
Thus, the basic requirements of industrial sanitation and personal hygiene are required to fulfill not only the employees, but also the management of the enterprise.
Worker safety and health
People who come into contact with hazardous and unhealthy substances during the work process are given special clothes and shoes that must meet the requirements of industrial sanitation and personal hygiene. The management of the enterprise has no right to issue work clothes without an appropriate certificate.
In order to provide employees with a safe environment while working at the enterprise, it is necessary:
- provide control over the suitability of workwear;
- purchase additional protective equipment;
- Wear a work uniform over normal clothing.
Employees of the enterprise should only perform tasks proposed by the authorities and established in accordance with specific instructions. And also to be attentive and exercise caution during work, fulfilling all the requirements for personal hygiene and industrial sanitation.
Rights and obligations of the employee and employer
All, without exception, workers and employers of enterprises have their own rights and obligations. Worker's rights include:
- an opportunity to work according to the drawn up contract;
- the right to receive wages on time and in full;
- the right to rest (holidays, weekends and holidays).
The specific duties of the employees of the enterprise, according to the position they occupy, are described in detail in the service instruction. It is considered one of the important documents of any enterprise with which every employee should be familiar.
The powers possessed by the employer can also be divided into several groups:
- the right to demand that the employee fulfill labor obligations and pay attention to the property of the enterprise and other workers;
- the right to establish rules for a certain regime for employees and their observance.
Requirements for enterprise management are much more than subordinates.
Practical activities
Industrial sanitation and personal hygiene of employees of the enterprise are aimed at a detailed study of the diseases of workers, both general and professional. Some organizations carry out practical activities, the purpose of which is to provide employees with healthy working conditions and a specific working schedule, which will guarantee not only high efficiency, but also contribute to maintaining the health of workers.
Assistant Medical Officer
An assistant doctor may be a person who has a secondary specialized medical education. According to the order of the authorities, you can accept or remove the employee from this position. The assistant is required to comply with all instructions of the doctor or the head of the organization.
The health care assistant must know:
- ways to monitor compliance with established laws;
- basic principles of healthcare legislation;
- generally accepted fire protection measures;
- safety training;
- features of the routine in the institution.
The doctor’s assistant has the right not only to demand, but also to apply the documents necessary for the performance of official duties. Assistants can also pass certification in a certain order with the subsequent receipt of appropriate qualifications. Powers allow physician assistants to participate in conferences and meetings, the main purpose of which is to resolve issues related to their activities. They are also required to regularly take advanced training courses.
Duties to be performed by the assistant doctor:
- Professional performance of tasks assigned to him.
- The ability to properly organize your work.
- Knowledge in the preparation of the necessary documentation.
- Timely fulfillment of labor obligations.
In the absence of a sanitary doctor, control over the activities of the assistant is carried out by the head of the enterprise.
Conclusion
The health status of citizens of Russia and other countries is interconnected with social structure. The program, which is designed to improve the health of staff, shows the highest results if it is carried out on a large scale. Fulfillment of all necessary requirements guarantees not only the normal well-being of a person, but also prevents the emergence and development of new diseases.
Compliance with the rules and norms established by the laws of the Russian Federation is an integral part of measures aimed at protecting human health and labor. Various experts and professionals are involved in resolving issues in this area. In connection with research conducted to determine the optimal working conditions, modern methods also appear and are introduced, thanks to which the negative impact of various factors of production can be significantly reduced or completely eliminated.
Thus, the activities of people should take place in the production sector, the basis of which is the implementation of sanitary and hygienic requirements.