Engines ZMZ-514 - the brainchild of OAO ZMZ. This is a company operating in the field of engineering. In our country, it is the largest producer of gasoline power units. More than 80 variations of different engines for UAZ, PAZ and GAZ brands come out from the conveyors of this plant. The company also produces more than 5 thousand automotive components. It is included in the syndicate of OJSC Sollers. His story began in 1958.
The specialists of this company came up with a rather interesting arrangement of ZMZ-514 engines. This also applies to their components and principles of work. Particularly noteworthy are turbocharging technologies.
The most popular novelties of the UAZ concern with designated engines are also presented in the material presented.
Structure
ZMZ-514 engines, as a rule, have 12 elements in their composition. They are reflected in the diagram below and numbered accordingly.
The engine consists of:
- Cylinder block.
- Cylinder head.
- Combustion compartment.
- Piston.
- Compression ring with the top position.
- A similar ring, but with a lower position.
- Oil extraction ring.
- Piston pin
- Connecting rod.
- Crankshaft connecting rod bend.
- Inserts paragraph 9.
- Counterweight.
To create all cylinders, cast iron of the highest strength is used.
An aluminum alloy is used to make the cylinder head. It has special valves.
Valve actuator
Considering the engines ZMZ-514, it is impossible not to describe the valve actuator associated with them. Its scheme is presented below.
Numbered components:
- Hydraulic support.
- Valve spring
- Drive lever.
- Intake valve distribution shaft.
- Cover item 4.
- A similar shaft, but associated with exhaust valves.
- Valve cracker.
- Plate item 2.
- Oil reflecting cap.
- Support washer p. 2.
- Saddle p. 12.
- Exhaust valve.
- Guide sleeve p. 12.
- Guide sleeve p. 15.
- Intake valve.
- Saddle p. 15.
Piston cooling nozzle
Engines ZMZ-514 (like many other power units) should be properly cooled. There is a special nozzle for this. It cools the piston. The principle of its operation is presented below schematically.
Numbered components:
- Valve body.
- The body of the nozzle itself.
- A tube.
- Piston.
Turbocharging
In order for cars to add power and dynamic performance, manufacturers arrange turbocharging in them. It can be implemented on diesel and gasoline devices.
Turbocharging diesel engines works more efficiently and safely when compared to gasoline counterparts.
In the situation with diesel engines, exhaust gases have temperature values of 600 ° C. In gasoline mechanisms, this figure reaches 1000 ° C. This negatively affects turbocharging technology.
The layout of the turbocharged system is not particularly complicated.
In appearance, the design is similar to a pair of snails, which are connected to each other by a hose. The system includes such components:
- Intercooler.
- Turbocharged compressor.
- Air intake device.
- Air purifying filter.
- Throttle butterfly valve.
- Pressure hoses.
- Intake manifold.
- Branch pipes connecting elements.
Often manufacturers supplement this arsenal with intake flaps.
As for the combined scheme of all turbocharging technologies, almost complete identity is listed here. The difference may affect only a few components.
A key component in this system is a turbocharged compressor. Thanks to his work, air is forced. This node is formed by the following components:
- Body.
- Val.
- Two wheels: turbine and compressor.
- Turbine housing.
- Bearings.
- O-rings for sealing.
The first wheel is placed in a special housing. It is resistant to powerful temperatures. Functions of this wheel:
- Energy conversion of exhaust gas masses.
- The rotation of the second wheel.
Thanks to this, the air is inside. It compresses. Formed mixture follows in cylinders.
The wheels themselves are mounted on a rotor shaft. Their proper rotation occurs due to bearings.
The intercooler cools the unit and the air. So the latter becomes denser.
The technology typically uses an air intercooler. There is also a liquid version of it, but the first is better.
The whole system is controlled by a regulator. It does not allow energy overload from gases.
Weaknesses and Strengths of Turbocharging
Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages. This also applies to turbocharging. His strengths are:
- A serious development of the efficiency of the power unit.
- Thanks to him, the entire power works more economically.
- Ensuring total fuel combustion.
- Decrease in nitric oxide generation.
- Environmental friendliness.
The list of its minuses:
- Fragility. It is necessary to work with the system very carefully, to prevent its overheating.
- Turboyama. When the driver presses on the gas, the car may not immediately respond.
UAZ Hunter
As noted earlier, ZMZ-514 engines are mainly intended for UAZ vehicles. One of the most popular models is the UAZ Hunter.
This is a frame model of an all-wheel drive SUV. It is able to pass on roads of varying complexity and rough terrain.
The release of the five-door UAZ SUV began in 1982. It was a modification of the UAZ-469. After 13 years, it was transformed into a UAZ-3151. And in 2003, a generation change took place, and the car was renamed UAZ-315195, in another way - “Hunter”.
The model is intensively used in the armed forces of the Russian Federation, in special services and law enforcement agencies.
Hunter was also exported to Germany and some Asian countries.
Since the UAZ enterprise closely cooperates with the ZMZ organization, the appearance of ZMZ-514 in Hunter became quite logical. And with this engine, the models dispersed in many countries with a circulation of more than 1,650,000 units.
In 2015, in honor of the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Second World War, a special edition of Hunters was released. In this UAZ ZMZ-514 was also arranged. And the model itself did not differ from the classical modification, but was endowed with noticeable design specifications.
In 2017, an anniversary version of Hunter was released. The occasion is the 45th anniversary of the release of these models. Its differences from the classical model are as follows:
- Unique coloring.
- Transformed interior design.
- Some design nuances.
New Hunters
In 2015, the release of these models could stop. There were various technical and material difficulties. But in 2016, the conveyors with this machine were activated again.
In 2017, there was an anniversary edition of cars. And in 2018, fresh models came in several trim levels. The price of the new UAZ Hunter depends on its equipment and configuration.
For example, for the classic modification will have to lay out about 620,000 rubles. And for the variation of "Trophy" - 680,000 rubles.
There are diesel versions of the Hunters on sale. They include the following elements:
- Headlights with hydraulic adjustment.
- Washable seats.
- Trunk with a swing door.
- Spare wheel having a stamped disc.
The price of the new UAZ Hunter may vary from the availability of additional options. For example, the surcharge for alloy wheels with a parameter of 16 inches is 15 thousand rubles. For painting "metallic" you need to make another 2000 rubles.
Model 4 x 4 "Pros"
Another popular representative of the Ulyanovsk enterprise is the 4x4 modification. The Profi model deserves special attention. This UAZ 4x4 is a truck SUV. Type of drive - rear. Although these criteria relate to the 2017 model. In 2018, an all-wheel drive modification appeared
The total weight of the version with rear-wheel drive is 3.5 tons. The price tag is 600,000 rubles.
In the model with all-wheel drive there is a cabin designed for only two places.
Both versions have a ladder frame. It is formed by two profiles. They differ in height. The frame is developed in length and reinforced with additional inserts. They are arranged in places with the greatest load. Shock absorbers are mounted differently.
The bumper and the plastic grille are the elements that can be changed individually.
There are two pendants: front and rear. The first type is spring. The second is spring. The fastener points of the springs are concentrated directly under the spar. Thanks to this, the bending moment following the frame is optimized.
Shock absorbers have external differences from analogues. Thanks to them, the move is smooth. And it comes out both on an empty and a full car.
About the bridges of the Profi model
The developers created the rear axle specifically for this model. It is characterized by increased carrying capacity. The stockings of the modernized beam are created from a thickened pipe.
The main gear case has become stronger. This master achieved the use of stiffeners.
Front gearbox unchanged. If desired, you can purchase a differential lock between the wheels.
The front axle of this UAZ 4x4 received two additions:
- Uninsulated knuckles. In them SHRUS are involved.
- Ball support elements. They do not have plastic liners.
Thanks to these additions, the turning radius is significantly reduced.
The design of the corner modules front axles do not differ.
At the same time, the steering trapezoid was modernized in the model, and the castor was developed. So the steering has become more stable.
Transfer case
In all-wheel drive modifications, it copies the “patriotic” original. The difference is in management. In the "Patriot" four-wheel drive is driven by a control washer. In "Pro", this mode is activated due to a lever mechanically connected to the transmission.
Other power block elements
They do not differ from each other on both models (with rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive). The ZMZ Pro engine with 4 cylinders is featured here. Its volume is 2.7 liters. Highest torque - 235 Nm at 2650 rpm. The engine can develop 150 liters. from.
These parameters are achieved due to such factors:
- Developed compression (it was 9.1, it became 9.8).
- Extensions of gas distribution stages.
- Better elimination of exhaust gases from the combustion compartment.
The specified engine is developed to the environmental standard Euro-5. It changed the control program, increased the number of active components, added a neutralizer.
The engine operates with a mechanical gearbox having 5 steps. It is made in South Korea.
The clutch is designed for developed torque.
Body options
The model has a platform in which are arranged:
- Metal sides.
- Floor. For its manufacture, aviation plywood is used. Mounting brackets for various loads are flush mounted in it.
- Awning. He is very tight. Its arcs are formed strictly vertically. The ceiling is formed by a "house". In the upper side of the awning there are transparent cells. Its tailgate is easily lifted by pulling on special belts.
Loading height - 5.2 m. When compared with the frame, there is an overstatement of the loading platform.
The total volume of the cargo department, taking into account the tent is 9.4 cubic meters. m
Other characteristics
It is important to note the following:
- The curb weight of this model is 1990 kg.
- The fuel tank has a volume of 68 liters.
- Type of front brakes - disc. Rear - drum.
- Tire parameters - 225 / 75R16C.
The minimum cost of the basic configuration is 750 000 rubles.
About the new Patriot
UAZ 4x4 "Patriot", released in 2018, has the following differences from the previous version:
- Multifunction. It can be adjusted in two planes.
- The steering wheel and seats are heated.
- Climate control.
- Shortened switches under the steering wheel.
- Two airbags.
- Thoroughly modernized head console. The position of the multimedia display is the top side. Deflectors are arranged on the sides. The diagonal of the screen is 8 inches.
- The dashboard has a 3-inch screen.
- The presence of a rear view camera.
Power data
In the new "Patriot" the following devices are installed:
- ZMZ-40905. View - gasoline. Data: 2.7 L, 135 L S., 220 Nm.
- Innovative ZMZ-514. It is diesel. It is turbocharged. Technical characteristics of the ZMZ-514 engine of the new series are as follows: 2.3 liters., 115 liters. S., 272 Nm.
Engines can be supplemented with such gearboxes:
- 5-speed manual.
- Automation with 6 steps.
The number of steps of the transfer case is 2. It has an electric drive in the equipment.
In the bridge, the front gear has changed, the latest differential is arranged at the rear.